0.5 Intro: Inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 1

What is a deductive argument? With an example

Answer 1

-Arguments which will ALWAYS have true conclusion given that all the premises are true
-conclusion is entailed by premises involves
Examples:
a) it’s raining outside
b) If it’s raining outside she will use an umbrella
c) if she uses it she will not get wet
d) She will be dry

Question 2

What is an inductive argument? With exmaples

Answer 2

-Premises involved mean the conclusion is unlikely to be false
-Based on probability
Example:
1. Every time i go out i forget my keys
2. Next time i leave the house i will forget my keys

Question 3

What is a valid argument?

Answer 3

-All the premises entail conc so argument makes sense
-valid= make sense

Question 4

What is a sound argument?

Answer 4

-All the premises entail the conc ( valid) and they are all true
- sound = makes sense and is true
valid + ture = sound

Question 5

What types of argument is a deductive argument

Answer 5

valid and sound

Question 6

What types of argument is an inductive arguments

Answer 6

cogent or weak

Question 7

What is a cogent argument

Answer 7

-All of the premises make the conclusion very unlikely to be false so we accept the probability
-Cogent= strong inductive argument

Question 8

What is weak inductive argument?

Answer 8

Argument doesn’t have a lot of basis to it ( e.g. something happens twice assuming it’s very common)