Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI/Nutrition > 03b: GI Motility > Flashcards

03b: GI Motility Flashcards

1
Q

There are two nerve plexi in GI tract. The myenteric plexus is in (X) tissue layer (be specific). Where is the second?

A

X = muscularis externa (between inner circular and outer long muscle layers)

Submucus nerve plexus in submucosa layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mastication’s purpose is to (increase/decrease) (X) of food.It is under (voluntary/involuntary) control.

A

Increase;
X = exposed surface area (to secretions)

Initially voluntary, but rhythmicity is reflexively maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s deglutition?

A

Transport/propulsion of bolus from mouth to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Precise orchestration of movements of several structures is important in deglutition. List some nerves that are important here.

A
  1. CN VII, IX, X, XII;

2. Lingual and medial pterygoid nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deglutition occurs in which phases?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Esophageal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Initiation and continuation of swallowing is voluntary.

A

False - initiation is, but then swallowing is reflexly controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During swallowing, aka (X) phase of deglutition, (Y) closes (Z) so that food doesn’t go into nose.

A 
X = oral
Y = soft palate (elevation)
Z = nasopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During (X) phase of deglutition, UES opens to allow food into (Y). At this phase, it’s important to block food from entering which space(s)?

A 
X = pharyngeal
Y = esophagus

Airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Passage of bolus into airways is prevented via which mechanisms?

A
  1. Larynx elevated (glottis closed)
  2. Epiglottis tilts downward
  3. Respiration stops briefly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

During (X) phase of deglutition, peristalsis is important for propelling food toward (UES/LES).

A

X = esophageal

LES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normally, (X) (contraction/relaxation) prevents reflux of gastric contents.

A

X = LES

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The velocity of peristaltic wave is normally (X).

A

X = 3-5 cm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Liquids can bypass the peristaltic wave due to gravity.

A

Ture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The primary esophageal peristalsis is associated with (X). The secondary esophageal peristalsis is associated with (Y).

A 
X = original swallowing 
Y = residual bolus or reflux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Control of deglutition is coordinated by swallowing center in (X) part of brain. Sensory afferent inputs via (Y) nerves and efferents via (Z) nerves.

A 
X = medulla
Y = CN IX and X
Z = CN X
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Initiation of peristalsis in upper portion of esophagus is innervated (directly/indirectly) by (X) nerve.

A

Directly;

X = vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: A peristaltic wave, once initiated, can proceed in vagally denervated esophagus.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In lower 2/3 of esophagus, propagation of bolus (via peristalsis) is principally dependent on (X) nerves.

A

X = plexus of neurons in wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Innervation of esophagus by (X) is absolutely necessary for proper motility.

A

X = myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LES is under neural control. Excitatory via (X), inhibitory via (Y). Both influenced by (Z).

A 
X = Y = myenteric plexus
Z = vagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: Peristalsis only at lower esophagus will inhibit LES tone (opening of sphincter).

A

False - peristalsis at ANY level of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vagus has excitatory influence on myenteric plexus via (X) NT and receptor. And it has inhibitory influence on myenteric plexus via (Y) NT and receptor.

A

Both excit and inhib preganglionic fibers from vagus release ACh and bind nicotinic receptors on myenteric plexus.

It’s the post-gang NT that make a difference

23
Q

Excitatory post-ganglionic fibers of myenteric plexus release (X) transmitter that binds (Y) receptors.

A 
X = ACh;
Y = muscarinic
24
Q

Inhibitory post-ganglionic fibers of myenteric plexus release (X) transmitter that binds (Y) receptors.

A 
X = NO and VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)
Y = no specific receptor..
25
One symptom of pregnancy is gastric reflux/heartburn. This could be attributed to (lower/higher) levels of (X) hormone, which (increases/decreases) (Y).
Higher; X = progesterone Decreases; Y = LES tone
26
Immediately after LES relaxation, fundus and body of stomach (contract/relax). Is this neurally mediated?
Relax; | Yes - myenteric plexus
27
As stomach fills, it (relaxes/contracts) because the smooth muscle (shortens/lengthens) under mechanical stress. This phenomenon is formally called (X).
Relaxes; Lengthens; X = stress-relaxation
28
(X) portion of stomach displays periodic peristaltic contractions.
X = antrum (distal portion)
29
T/F: When the stomach is empty, contractions at the antrum never occur.
False - some contraction occasionally
30
The (X), located in (Y) part of stomach, initiate(s) "slow wave" depolarizations that are propagated toward (Z) part of stomach.
``` X = pacemaker (interstitial cells of Cajal) Y = middle of greater curvature Z = pyloric sphincter ```
31
BER (basic electrical rhythm) of stomach is fired at frequency of (X). The activity can be observed in (fundus/body/antrum) of stomach.
X = 3-4/min | Body and antrum
32
The BER is conducted to and propagated by cells within (X). It defines which properties of peristaltic contractions?
X = smooth muscle (NOT myenteric plexus) Frequency and direction
33
T/F: Slow wave depolarization associated with BER are subthreshold oscillations.
True
34
T/F: During the fed state, initiation of BER results in contraction.
False - AP "spikes" bring BER depolarizations to threshold
35
In smooth muscle, the (X) activity determines the amount of tension developed.
X = frequency of AP spikes
36
T/F: Though distension doesn't affect BER frequency, vagal activity does.
False - neither do
37
Vagal activity will (increase/decrease) (velocity/tension) of smooth muscle peristalsis.
Increase; | Tension (AP spike frequency)
38
Gastrin is (hormone/NT) that triggers (increase/decrease) in (BER/spike activity). You'd expect this to correspond to increased (X) transmitter release.
Hormone; Increase; Spike activity X = Ach
39
As bolus moves toward pyloric sphincter, the pressure on it (increases/decreases) so that most chyme can move into (X).
Increases; X = back into/remains in stomach Only smallest particles of chyme enter duodenum
40
What's the main function of retropulsion of chyme in stomach?
Shearing force homogenizes chyme mechanically
41
Distension of duodenum generally (increases/decreases) stomach emptying. This is known as (X) reflex.
Decreases; | X = entero-gastric
42
Homogenization of chyme in small intestine is carried out by (X)-like segmentation contractions. Does peristalsis occur at all?
X = ring (annular) Only locally, if at all
43
The BER in duodenum is (X) and in ileum is (Y).
``` X = 12/min Y = 8/min ```
44
T/F: The BER is only found in the stomach.
False - though in other parts of GI tract, BER frequency is different
45
MCC (Migrating myoelectrical complex) is the phenomenon when:
GI tract undergoes intense peristaltic contractions every 80-90 min during inter-digestive periods
46
The housekeeping role of GI tract is left to (X). This allows sweeping of residual food particles, secretions, and bacteria out of tract.
X = MCC (Migrating myoelectrical complex)
47
Abdominal gurgling is attributed to (X).
X = MCC (Migrating myoelectrical complex)
48
T/F: Unlike BER, MCC of stomach is coupled to that of intestine.
True
49
Residual, (digested/undigested) chyme enters large intestine via (X), which is normally (open/closed) and is under control of (Y).
Undigested; X = ileocecal valve Closed; Y = myenteric plexus
50
Contraction of ileum near ileocecal sphincter (contracts/relaxes) it, as does gastric activity. This is referred to as (X) reflex.
Relaxes; | X = gastro-ileal
51
Distention of cecum (relaxes/contracts) ileocecal valve.
Contracts
52
List the two dominant types of contraction that occur in colon
1. Annular constrictions | 2. Peristalsis
53
(X) contraction type in colon leads to sacculations known as (Y), which slice through fecal material.
``` X = annular Y = haustra ```
54
Segmental contraction of rectum tends to propel contents (antero/retro)grade into (X) space. Thus, rectum is usually (empty/full).
Retrograde; X = sigmoid colon Empty

GI/Nutrition (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions