02a: Anatomy

Question 1

Where does the foregut end and midgut begin?

Answer 1

Mid-duodenum

Question 2

Liver, gallbladder, and spleen are considered part of (fore/mid/hind)-gut. Arterial supply to this area is primarily from (X) and venous drainage primarily via (Y).

Answer 2

Foregut;

X = celiac trunk
Y = splenic and gastric veins

Question 3

T/F: the entire colon (ascending, transverse, descending) is considered part of hindgut.

Answer 3

False - considered midgut up to middle of transverse colon

Question 4

Arterial supply to midgut is primarily via (X) artery and drainage via (Y) vein.

Answer 4

X = Y = superior mesenteric

Question 5

Arterial supply to hindgut is primarily via (X) artery and drainage via (Y) vein.

Answer 5

X = Y = inferior mesenteric

Question 6

Venous drainage of (X) portions of GI tract drain to liver via (Y).

Answer 6

X = ALL
Y = hepatic portal system (via hepatic portal vein)

Question 7

List common branches off celiac trunk.

Answer 7

1. Splenic a.
2. L. Gastric a.
3. Common hepatic a.

Question 8

Which arteries supply small curvature of stomach? And large curvature?

Answer 8

Small: L and R gastric
Large: L and R gastro-omental; AND short gastric aa

Question 9

Scenic artery supplies which areas of foregut? Via which branches?

Answer 9

1. Greater curvature and posterior wall of stomach (L gastro-omental, posterior and short gastric aa)
2. Spleen (Splenic)
3. Pancreas (dorsal pancreatic a)

Question 10

(SMA/IMA) and associated veins/branches are within the mesentery.

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

Marginal artery of Drummond is important because it connects (X). It’s located in which portion of the (fore/mid/hind)-gut?

Answer 11

X = SMA and IMA

Junction/transition between transverse and descending colon

Question 12

Portocaval anastamoses may occur in patients with (X) condition. List the three ways these can present.

Answer 12

X = portal hypertension

1. Caput medusae
2. Esophageal varices
3. Internal hemorrhoid

Question 13

List the primary tributaries to the portal vein.

Answer 13

Splenic, SMV, IMV

Question 14

All blood entering liver will enter through (X) squad, composed of (Y) structures.

Answer 14

X = portal triad

Y = hepatic a proper, portal v, bile duct

Question 15

The hepatoduodenal ligament is home to which structures?

Answer 15

Portal triad! (Hepatic a proper, portal v, bile duct)

Question 16

T/F: clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament leads to preventing vascular blood flow into and out of liver.

Answer 16

False - flow our of liver via hepatic veins directly into IVC, not through the ligament/portal triad

Question 17

Each branch of hepatic portal vein (drains/supplies) (1/2/3) segments of liver. Each branch of bile duct (drains/supplies) (1/2/3) segments of liver. Each branch of hepatic vein (drains/supplies) (1/2/3) segments of liver.

Answer 17

Supplies 1 segment;
Drains 1 segment;
Drains 2 segments

Question 18

Hepatic artery proper forms from (X) when (Y) branches off.

Answer 18

X = common hepatic a
Y = gastroduodenal a

Question 19

List branches off proper hepatic a.

Answer 19

1. R gastric a
2. L and R hepatic aa
3. Cystic (off R hepatic)

Question 20

Calot’s Triangle, aka (X), is formed by which three borders? It typically contains (Y).

Answer 20

X = cystohepatic triangle

1. Inferior border of liver
2. Cystic duct (and medial gallbladder)
3. Common hepatic duct

Y = cystic a

Question 21

Origin of SMA and SMV emerges (anterior/posterior) to (X) of pancreas and passes (superficial/deep) to (Y) of pancreas.

Answer 21

Posterior;
X = neck
Superficial
Y = uncinate process

Question 22

SMA vessels, after passing pancreas, lie (superficial/deep) to which structure(s)?

Answer 22

Superficial;

3rd part of duodenum and L renal vein

Question 23

SMA Syndrome is a result of compression/blockage of (X) by (Y).

Answer 23

X = duodenum
Y = SMA (against aorta)

Question 24

Nutcracker syndrome is a result of compression of (X) by (Y). What’s the key clinical consequence of this compression?

Answer 24

X = L renal vein
Y = SMA (against aorta)

Renal venous hypertension

Question 25

What are the symptoms of Nutcracker syndrome?

Answer 25

1. Blood in urine (Hematuria)
2. Flank pain
3. Varicocele (enlarged scrotal veins)

Question 26

Leinorenal ligament is found between (X) structures and it contains (Y) vessel(s).

Answer 26

X = left kidney and spleen
Y = splenic

Question 27

Gastrosplenic ligament is found between (X) structures and it contains (Y) vessel(s).

Answer 27

X = stomach and spleen
Y = short gastric and L gastro-omental

Question 28

Leinorenal ligament made from (lesser/greater) omentum. Gastrosplenic ligament made from (lesser/greater) omentum.

Answer 28

Greater; greater