高频考博词汇 Flashcards
1、abide, adhere, conform, comply
“遵守”。—abide [əˈbaid] v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director’ decision.我将遵从主任的决定。—adhere [ədˈhiə] v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。—conform [kənˈfɔ:m] v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。—comply [kəmˈplai] v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。—Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。—
2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered
“反常的”—abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl] a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。— His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 41.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到41.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)—uncommon [ʌnˈkɔmən] a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。—Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。— That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！—Disordered[dis’ɔ:dəd] a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。— We couldn’t understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。—
3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish
都有“取消，除掉”的意思。—abolish [əˈbɔliʃ] v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。— The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。—cancel [ˈkænsəl] v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。— The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。—eliminate [iˈlimineit] v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。— The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。— The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。—dispose [disˈpəuz] v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)— After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。—erase [iˈreiz] v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。— I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。—exclude [iksˈklu:d] v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。— The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。—extinguish [iksˈtiŋɡwiʃ] v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。— Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。—
4、abstract, digest, outline, summary
“要点，摘要”—abstract [ˈæbstrækt] n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。—I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他书的概要。—digest [daiˈdʒest] n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。— Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》—outline [ˈautlain] n.要点，大纲，概要。— She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。—summary [ˈsʌməri] n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。—
5、absurd, ridiculous, silly
都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。—absurd [əbˈsə:d] a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。— There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。—ridiculous [riˈdikjuləs] a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。— It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。—silly [ˈsili] a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。— a silly little boy傻小子—
6、abundant, plentiful
这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。—abundant [əˈbʌndənt] a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。— Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。—plentiful [ˈplentiful] a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。— Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。—
7、accent, tone, dialect
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。—accent [ˈæksənt] n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。— He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。—tone [təun] n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。— He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。—dialect [ˈdaiəlekt] n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。—the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect—
8、access, assess
这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。—access [ˈækses] n.接近，进入。— The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。—assess [əˈses] v.评估(财产，价值)。— I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。—
9、accommodate, afford, furnish
都有“提供”的意思。—accommodate [əˈkɔmədeit] v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。— This hotel can accommodate up to 5oo guests.这家饭店可供5oo位来宾住宿。— The company accommodated the customer’s wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。—afford [əˈfɔ:d] v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。— We can’t afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。— The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。—furnish [ˈfə:niʃ] v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。— Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。—
1o、accomplishment, attainment, achievement
“成就”—accomplishment [əˈkɔmpliʃmənt] n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。— Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。— Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments. 画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。—attainment [əˈteinmənt] n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。— a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者—achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。—
11、accuse, charge
“控诉，指控”之意，所搭配的介词不同。—accuse [əˈkju:z] v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。— The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。—charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。—The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。—
12、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure
都有”获得，取得”的意思，在考研屡次出现。—acquire [əˈkwaiə] v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调”一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。— It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。—attain [əˈtein] v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。— The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。—obtain [əbˈtein] v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。— He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。—gain [ɡein] v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。— An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。—earn [ə:n] v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。— How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？—achieve [əˈtʃi:v] v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。— The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。—secure [siˈkjuə] v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为”安全的”。— A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了1oo万人的签名。— He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。—
13、acute, critical, crucial, urgent
“严重的，重要的”意思。—acute [əˈkju:t] a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。— An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。—critical [ˈkritikəl] a.意为”关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指”批判性的，分析性的”。— It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。—crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的”，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。— Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。—urgent [ˈə:dʒənt] a.意为”紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的”，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急的”状态。— We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。—
14、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary
都含有”调整、改变”的意思。—adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。— I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。—regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有”控制”之意。—Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。—rectify [ˈrektifai] v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。— He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。—amend [əˈmend] v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。— The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。—convert [kənˈvə:t] v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。— Britain converted to a decimal currency system in o1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。— He’s converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。—alter [ˈɔ:ltə] v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。— The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。—modify [ˈmɔdifai] v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。— He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。—transform [trænsˈfɔ:m] v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。— Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。—vary [ˈvɛəri] v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。— Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。—
15、admit, confess, concede
这几个动词都有”承认”的意思。—admit [ədˈmit] v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认”某一事实或过错。— I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。—confess [kənˈfes] v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有”坦白、招认”的意思。—He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。—concede [kənˈsi:d] v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指”以退为进”的承认。— The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。—
16、affiliate, link, attach, append
都有”附加”的意思。—affiliate [əˈfilieit] v.加入，成为……一部分。— an affiliated middle school一所附属中学—link [liŋk] v.将人或物连接起来。— The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。—attach [əˈtætʃ] v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。— I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。—append [əˈpend] v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。— The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。—
17、affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim
这一组动词都有”声称”的意思。—affirm [əˈfə:m] v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。— He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。—assert [əˈsə:t] v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。— She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。—allege [əˈledʒ] v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。— The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。—claim [kleim] v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。— They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。—announce [əˈnauns] v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。—The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。—proclaim [prəˈkleim] v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。— The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。—
18、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify
这一组动词都有”加强”的意思。—aggravate [ˈæɡrəveit] v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。— I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。—reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(添材料等)加固。— A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。—increase [inˈkri:s] v.指数量上的增加。— The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。—strengthen [ˈstreŋθn] v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。— Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。— Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。—intensify [inˈtensifai] v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。— intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨—
19、alert, cautious, considerate
都表示”小心的，谨慎的”。—alert [əˈlə:t] a.警惕的，留神的。— The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests’ drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。—cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs] a.细心的，谨慎的。— He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。—considerate [kənˈsidərit] a.关心他人的，体贴的。— He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。—
2o、alive, live, living, lively
这一组形容词都跟”活”有关。—alive [əˈlaiv] a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。— After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。 all man alive所有活着的人—live [liv] a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，— We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。—living [ˈliviŋ] a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。— Who is the world’s greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room起居室—lively [ˈlaivli] a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。— She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。—
21、alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline
这一组动词都有”减少，减轻”的意思。—alleviate [əˈli:vieit] v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和— The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。—diminish [diˈminiʃ] v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。— The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。—reduce [riˈdju:s] v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。— He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。—decrease [di:ˈkri:s] v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。— The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。—decline [diˈklain] v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。— Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。— He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。—
22、allocate, separate, detach, divide
都有”分开”的意思。—allocate [ˈæləkeit] v.分配，把……拨给。— The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year’s budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。—separate [ˈsepəreit] v.人为地分开，使隔离开。— We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。—detach [diˈtætʃ] v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。— We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。—divide [diˈvaid] v.指将整体分为若干个部分。— The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。—
23、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim
“模糊”—ambiguous [æmˈbiɡjuəs] a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。— His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。—obscure [əbˈskjuə] a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。— The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references. 艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。—vague [veiɡ] a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。— He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。—unclear [ˌʌnˈkliə] a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。— Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。— It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。—dim [dim] a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。— Don’t work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。—His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。—
24、amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand
扩大，增加—amplify [ˈæmplifai] v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。— We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。—enlarge [inˈlɑ:dʒ] v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。— enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋—stretch [stretʃ] v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。— The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。— Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。—magnify [ˈmæɡnifai] v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。— His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。—reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] v.增援，加固。—expand [iksˈpænd] v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容细节的充实。— The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。—
25、anger, fury, indignation, resentment
“愤怒、生气”—anger [ˈæŋɡə] n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。— After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。—fury [ˈfjuəri] n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。—indignation [ˌɪndiɡˈneiʃən] n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。— general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤—resentment [riˈzentmənt] n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。—There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone’s pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。—
26、apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct
这一组形容词都有”明显的”之意。—apparent [əˈpærənt] a.明显的，显而易见的，尤指容易观察或认识到的事物。— He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。—evident [ˈevidənt] a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。— It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。—manifest [ˈmænifest] a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。— Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。—obvious [ˈɔbviəs] a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。— It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。—distinct [disˈtiŋkt] a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。— Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。—
27、applaud, clap, commend, praise
—applaud [əˈplɔ:d] v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。— The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。—clap [klæp] v.拍打，其用法是clap one’s handoapplaud,不能说applaud one’s hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物—commend [kəˈmend] v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。— The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。—praise [preiz] v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。— A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。— Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。—
28、area, district, region, vicinity, zone
有”区域”的意思。—area [ˈɛəriə] n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。— The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。—district [ˈdistrikt] n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district西城区—region [ˈri:dʒən] n.行政区划上更大的地区，如”自治区”；身体部位。— The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。—vicinity [viˈsiniti] n.周围地区，附近地区。— The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。—zone [zəun] n.指特定的地方、地带。— The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。—
29、assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium
都表示”会议”的意思。—assembly [əˈsembli] n.集合，集会。— The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。—conference [ˈkɔnfərəns] n. (专门性的)会议，讨论会。— The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。—congress [ˈkɔŋɡres] n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。— Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。—rally [ˈræli] n. (鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。— The football coach called a rally to build up the team’s excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。—seminar [ˈseminɑ:] n. (大学的)研究班，研讨会。— During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。—session [ˈseʃən] n. (一届)会议，回合。— the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议—summit [ˈsʌmit] n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。— Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。—symposium [simˈpəuziəm] n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。— The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。—
3o、assessment, estimate, evaluation
有”评估”的意思。—assessment [əˈsesmənt] n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。— We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。—estimate [ˈestimeit] n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与give搭配。— The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是2oo或3oo美元。—evaluation [iˌvæljuˈeiʃən] n. (对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。— He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。—
31、associate, ally, combine, unite
都有”联合”的意思。—associate [əˈsəuʃieit] v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。— We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。—ally [əˈlai] v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。— Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。—combine [kəmˈbain] v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。— The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。—unite [ju:ˈnait] v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。—The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。—
32、average, common, general, universal, usual
这一组形容词都有”普通”的意思。—average [ˈævəridʒ] a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示”平均的”。— The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。—common [ˈkɔmən] a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为”平凡的”，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有”公共的，共同的”之意。— Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。—general [ˈdʒenərəl] a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。— In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。—universal [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有”全然没有例外”的意思。— Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。—usual [ˈju:ʒuəl] a.通常的，惯常的，强调”习惯性的，符合规章制度的”，是个一般用语。—
33、award, reward
—award [əˈwɔ:d] v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。— The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。—reward [riˈwɔ:d] v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。— I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出5o美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。—
34、aware, conscious
—aware [əˈwɛə] a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。— He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。—conscious [ˈkɔnʃəs] a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。— The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。—
34、base, foundation, ground
都有”基础”的意思。—base [beis] n.指具体的有形的基础，也可指物体的底部、基部；基地，总部。— They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。—foundation [faunˈdeiʃən] n.本义指建筑物的地基，坚实的基础的意思；基金会。— The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。—ground [ɡraund] n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。—
35、basic, elementary, fundamental
—basic [ˈbeisik] a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。— He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。—elementary [ˌeliˈmentəri] a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学— fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。— Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。—
36、beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer
这一组都有”笑”的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。—beam [bi:m] v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为”微笑”，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。— She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。—chuckle [ˈtʃʌkl] v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。— She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。—giggle [ˈɡiɡl] v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。— The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。—grin [ɡrin] v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。— He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。—jeer [dʒiə] v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。— The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。—laugh [lɑ:f] v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。—roar [rɔ:] v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。— He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。—sneer [sniə] v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。— He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。—
37、bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex
— 这一组词都有”迷惑”的意思。—bewilder [biˈwildə] v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。— He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。— When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。—puzzle [ˈpʌzl] v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。— Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。—confuse [kənˈfju:z] v.使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。— He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。—embarrass [imˈbærəs] v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。— Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。—perplex [pəˈpleks] v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。— The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。—
38、blame, condemn, reproach, scold
都有”责怪”的意思。—blame [bleim] v.责怪，把……归咎于。— You can’t blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。—condemn [kənˈdem] v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。— The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。—reproach [riˈprəutʃ] v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。— His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。—scold [skəuld] v.责骂，训斥。—
39、blunder, error, mistake
这一组词都表示”错误”。—blunder [ˈblʌndə] n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。— I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。—error [ˈerə] n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也指智力或道义上的错误。— The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。—mistake [misˈteik] n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。— I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。—
4o、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid
都有”弱”的意思。—brittle [ˈbritl] a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。— The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。—fragile [ˈfrædʒail] a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。— He ‘s feeling a bit fragile after last night’s party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。—frail [freil] a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。— His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。—crisp [krisp] a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。 crisp biscuit松脆的饼干— The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher’s question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。—invalid [inˈvælid] a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。— Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。— A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。—
