高频考博词汇 Flashcards
1、abide, adhere, conform, comply
“遵守”。—abide [əˈbaid] v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director’ decision.我将遵从主任的决定。—adhere [ədˈhiə] v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。—conform [kənˈfɔ:m] v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。—comply [kəmˈplai] v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。—Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。—
2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered
“反常的”—abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl] a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。— His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 41.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到41.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)—uncommon [ʌnˈkɔmən] a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。—Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。— That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！—Disordered[dis’ɔ:dəd] a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。— We couldn’t understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。—
3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish
都有“取消，除掉”的意思。—abolish [əˈbɔliʃ] v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。— The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。—cancel [ˈkænsəl] v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。— The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。—eliminate [iˈlimineit] v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。— The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。— The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。—dispose [disˈpəuz] v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)— After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。—erase [iˈreiz] v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。— I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。—exclude [iksˈklu:d] v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。— The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。—extinguish [iksˈtiŋɡwiʃ] v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。— Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。—
4、abstract, digest, outline, summary
“要点，摘要”—abstract [ˈæbstrækt] n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。—I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他书的概要。—digest [daiˈdʒest] n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。— Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》—outline [ˈautlain] n.要点，大纲，概要。— She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。—summary [ˈsʌməri] n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。—
5、absurd, ridiculous, silly
都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。—absurd [əbˈsə:d] a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。— There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。—ridiculous [riˈdikjuləs] a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。— It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。—silly [ˈsili] a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。— a silly little boy傻小子—
6、abundant, plentiful
这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。—abundant [əˈbʌndənt] a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。— Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。—plentiful [ˈplentiful] a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。— Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。—
7、accent, tone, dialect
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。—accent [ˈæksənt] n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。— He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。—tone [təun] n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。— He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。—dialect [ˈdaiəlekt] n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。—the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect—
8、access, assess
这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。—access [ˈækses] n.接近，进入。— The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。—assess [əˈses] v.评估(财产，价值)。— I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。—
9、accommodate, afford, furnish
都有“提供”的意思。—accommodate [əˈkɔmədeit] v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。— This hotel can accommodate up to 5oo guests.这家饭店可供5oo位来宾住宿。— The company accommodated the customer’s wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。—afford [əˈfɔ:d] v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。— We can’t afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。— The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。—furnish [ˈfə:niʃ] v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。— Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。—
1o、accomplishment, attainment, achievement
“成就”—accomplishment [əˈkɔmpliʃmənt] n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。— Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。— Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments. 画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。—attainment [əˈteinmənt] n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。— a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者—achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。—
11、accuse, charge
“控诉，指控”之意，所搭配的介词不同。—accuse [əˈkju:z] v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。— The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。—charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。—The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。—
12、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure
都有”获得，取得”的意思，在考研屡次出现。—acquire [əˈkwaiə] v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调”一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。— It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。—attain [əˈtein] v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。— The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。—obtain [əbˈtein] v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。— He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。—gain [ɡein] v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。— An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。—earn [ə:n] v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。— How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？—achieve [əˈtʃi:v] v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。— The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。—secure [siˈkjuə] v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为”安全的”。— A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了1oo万人的签名。— He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。—
13、acute, critical, crucial, urgent
“严重的，重要的”意思。—acute [əˈkju:t] a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。— An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。—critical [ˈkritikəl] a.意为”关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指”批判性的，分析性的”。— It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。—crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的”，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。— Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。—urgent [ˈə:dʒənt] a.意为”紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的”，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急的”状态。— We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。—
14、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary
都含有”调整、改变”的意思。—adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。— I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。—regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有”控制”之意。—Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。—rectify [ˈrektifai] v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。— He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。—amend [əˈmend] v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。— The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。—convert [kənˈvə:t] v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。— Britain converted to a decimal currency system in o1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。— He’s converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。—alter [ˈɔ:ltə] v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。— The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。—modify [ˈmɔdifai] v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。— He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。—transform [trænsˈfɔ:m] v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。— Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。—vary [ˈvɛəri] v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。— Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。—
15、admit, confess, concede
这几个动词都有”承认”的意思。—admit [ədˈmit] v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认”某一事实或过错。— I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。—confess [kənˈfes] v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有”坦白、招认”的意思。—He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。—concede [kənˈsi:d] v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指”以退为进”的承认。— The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。—
16、affiliate, link, attach, append
都有”附加”的意思。—affiliate [əˈfilieit] v.加入，成为……一部分。— an affiliated middle school一所附属中学—link [liŋk] v.将人或物连接起来。— The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。—attach [əˈtætʃ] v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。— I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。—append [əˈpend] v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。— The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。—
17、affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim
这一组动词都有”声称”的意思。—affirm [əˈfə:m] v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。— He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。—assert [əˈsə:t] v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。— She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。—allege [əˈledʒ] v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。— The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。—claim [kleim] v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。— They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。—announce [əˈnauns] v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。—The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。—proclaim [prəˈkleim] v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。— The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。—
18、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify
这一组动词都有”加强”的意思。—aggravate [ˈæɡrəveit] v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。— I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。—reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(添材料等)加固。— A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。—increase [inˈkri:s] v.指数量上的增加。— The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。—strengthen [ˈstreŋθn] v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。— Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。— Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。—intensify [inˈtensifai] v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。— intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨—
19、alert, cautious, considerate
都表示”小心的，谨慎的”。—alert [əˈlə:t] a.警惕的，留神的。— The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests’ drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。—cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs] a.细心的，谨慎的。— He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。—considerate [kənˈsidərit] a.关心他人的，体贴的。— He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。—
2o、alive, live, living, lively
这一组形容词都跟”活”有关。—alive [əˈlaiv] a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。— After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。 all man alive所有活着的人—live [liv] a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，— We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。—living [ˈliviŋ] a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。— Who is the world’s greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room起居室—lively [ˈlaivli] a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。— She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。—
21、alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline
这一组动词都有”减少，减轻”的意思。—alleviate [əˈli:vieit] v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和— The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。—diminish [diˈminiʃ] v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。— The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。—reduce [riˈdju:s] v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。— He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。—decrease [di:ˈkri:s] v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。— The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。—decline [diˈklain] v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。— Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。— He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。—
22、allocate, separate, detach, divide
都有”分开”的意思。—allocate [ˈæləkeit] v.分配，把……拨给。— The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year’s budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。—separate [ˈsepəreit] v.人为地分开，使隔离开。— We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。—detach [diˈtætʃ] v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。— We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。—divide [diˈvaid] v.指将整体分为若干个部分。— The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。—
23、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim
“模糊”—ambiguous [æmˈbiɡjuəs] a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。— His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。—obscure [əbˈskjuə] a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。— The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references. 艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。—vague [veiɡ] a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。— He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。—unclear [ˌʌnˈkliə] a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。— Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。— It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。—dim [dim] a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。— Don’t work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。—His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。—
24、amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand
扩大，增加—amplify [ˈæmplifai] v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。— We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。—enlarge [inˈlɑ:dʒ] v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。— enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋—stretch [stretʃ] v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。— The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。— Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。—magnify [ˈmæɡnifai] v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。— His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。—reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] v.增援，加固。—expand [iksˈpænd] v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容细节的充实。— The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。—
