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1. Toxicology > Zootoxins > Flashcards

Zootoxins Flashcards

1
Q

Insects

A

Bees, wasps, ants
Formic acid, vasoactive agents

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2
Q

Insect bites

A

Systemic anaphylaxis and possible death
Mild to severe pain, heat, swelling, venom sac with stinger
Stress related leukocytosis

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3
Q

Cantharidin (blister beetles)

A

Trapped in hay ingested by ruminants and horses
Targets heart, mm, GIT, urinary tract
Hypocalcemia

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4
Q

Cantharidin poisoning

A

Acute severe colic, shock
Death (2-3 days))
GI ulceration,
Diarrhea/ bloody veces
Urinary irritation
Frequent urination
Straining
Rubbing of perineum

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5
Q

Black Widow (lactrodectus mactans) MOA

A

Potent labile neurotoxin
Proteinacieous toxins → bind to Ca channels → ↑ mem. permeability to Ca and depolarization → large amounts of EP released and presynaptic NT uptake inhibited

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6
Q

Cs of L. mactans

A

Acute onset of intense pain
Release AcH (muscle contraction, paralysis, salivation)
Death from resp. of CVS failure

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7
Q

Treatment from black widow

A

Antivenin
Muscle relaxants (methocarbamol)
Atropine
Shock therapy, fluids
Corticosteroids

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8
Q

Brown Recluse spider (loxosceles reclusa)

A

Toxins (with 8-10 proteins): proteases, hyalurinonidase, hemolysins, spreading factors
Damages endothelial cells → intravasc. coagulation → capillary thrombi and tissue necrosis

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9
Q

Loxosceles bites clinical effects

A

Erythmatous area around bite
Hemolysis and Hbnuria
Vasculitis, hemorrhage, leukocyte accum.

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10
Q

Brown recluse spider bite on dog

A

Dermanecrotic
Venom activates complement, chemotaxis, attacks cell membranes, vasoconstrictive

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11
Q

Crotalidae venomous snakes

A

Pit vipers: long, hinged, hollow fangs
Stick, inject venom, withdraw
Rattle snakes, water moccasins, copperheads

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12
Q

Elapidea venomous snakes

A

Coral*, cobras, kraits, mambas
Hang on and chew

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13
Q

Crotalidae mechanism

A

Toxins incapacitate prey, impaired coagulation, alter cardiac function (insufficiency, edema, shock, hemorrhage)

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14
Q

Crotalid venom toxic effects

A

CNS and reps. depression
Hypotension
Edema and swelling
Life threatening (nostrils, tongue, throat)

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15
Q

Acute therapy for crotalid bites

A

Polyvalent crotalid antivenins

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16
Q

_____________- are the only member of elapidae in the US

A

Coral snakes

17
Q

Elapidae coral snakes

A

Adjacent red and yellow transverse band
SE US, costal states, west to TX

18
Q

T/F: Red on black a friend of jack
and red on yellow kill a yellow

A

TRUE

19
Q

Coral snake toxicosis

A

Cholinesterase: parasympath effects
Neurotoxic peptide: paralysis
Usually no bc of small mouths

20
Q

CS from coral snakes

A

Numbness, weakness, disorientation, paralysis, CNS depression and resp. failure
Salivation, lacrimation, V/D

21
Q

Venomous Lizards

A

Heloderma suspectum: gila monster
H. horrium: mexcian beaded lizard

22
Q

Exenatide

A

Type 2 diabetic drug
Derived from saliva of Gila monster

23
Q

Bufo toads

A

Bufo alvarius: Colorado river toad
Bufo marinus: cane toad

24
Q

Bufo poisoning

A

Cardiac glycosides
Cardiotoxins: bufotoxins, and bufotenins
Toxins produced by salivary glands of toad → absorbed by oral mucosa

25
Q

Cardiotoxic effects of bufo poisoning

A

Ventricular fibrillation and hypertension

26
Q

CS of Bufo poisoning

A

Salivation, vomiting, retching, shaking head, blindness, seizures, death

27
Q

Bufo poisoning diagnosis

A

↑ PCV, glucose and BUN
Hyperkalemia and calcemia
↓ leukocyte count

28
Q

Scorpions

A

Centruoides species
Venom: aa, serotonin, tryptophan, histamin like, lipids, peptides
Neurotoxic

29
Q

Tarantula venom

A

Athrax spp. targets nerve fibers (m. fasculations)
Lycosa spp. strong hemolytic effect with swelling, redness, salivation, paresis
Irritation of dogs of cats

30
Q

Jelly fish and portuguese man- of- war

A

Jellys: nematocyts
PMOW: tentacles
Severe pain, cyanotic for humans and dogs

31
Q

Jelly fish stings

A

Soak/ rinse with vinegar (15-30 minutes)
Rinse in sea water, 70% isopropyl alcohol
Shaving cream of paste of baking soda

32
Q

Monarch Butterfly

A

Asclepias
Mildweed
Cardiac glycosides

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

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