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1. Toxicology > Antidotes > Flashcards

Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium disodium

A

Used for lead and zinc toxicosis
Adverse effects: chelate other cations (ca, Mg, Cu) and hyocalcemia

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2
Q

Succimer (DMSA)

A

Dimercaptosuccine acid
Used for Pb toxicosis in dogs and humans

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3
Q

Deferoxamine

A

Used for Fe

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4
Q

D-penincillamine

A

Used for Cu and Zn

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5
Q

British antilewisite (BAL)

A

As toxicosis
Hg (mercury) and Pb

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6
Q

Cardiac glycoside poisoning

A

Treated with Digitoxin (immune Fab fragments)
Caused by fox glove (plant) and bufo-toad

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7
Q

N-Acetylcysteine

A

Treats acetaminophen poisoning/ toxicosis
Effective 8-16 hrs post exposure
Overdosage: unlikely, passible anaphylactic reactions, nausea or vomiting

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8
Q

Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)

A

Treats Methemoglobinemia
Rapidly absorbed and distributed in body and milk
Adverse effects: acidifies urine, interferes with oral absorption of iron

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9
Q

Ammonium molybdate and tetrathiomolybdate-

A

Treats copper poisoning in sheep
Promotes the excretion of copper in sheep
Not FDA approved

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10
Q

Antivenons

A

Treats venom of venomous animals
Polyvalent v monovalent
Storage issue, more stable, reconstitued in 48 hrs

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11
Q

Ethanol (20%)

A

Treats antifreeze and ethylene glycol poisoning
Prevents formation of the metabolic acidic intermediates

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12
Q

Adverse effects of ethanol and ADME

A

CNS depression, diuretic effect
Rapidly metabolized and repeated, effective within 4 hrs of exposure

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13
Q

4-MP (Methylpyrazole): Fomepizole

A

Treats antifreeze or ethylene glycol poisoning
Not FDA approved

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14
Q

Methylene Blue (MB)

A

Nitrate, nitrite or chlorate poisoning
Corrects methemoglobinemia (reducing agent)
Not approved by FDA

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15
Q

Phytonadione (Vitamin K1)

A

Treats coumarin anticoagulant toxicosis
Ex: Warafarin
Adverse effects: Iv can cause anaphylactic rxs, bleeding injection site

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16
Q

What treats cholecalciferol rodenticide ingestion for dogs

A

Calctonin

17
Q

Atropine Sulfate

A

Treats organophosphate poisoning by counteracting anticholinesterase poising
Short half-life , repeat as needed

18
Q

Atropine sulfate toxicity

A

CNS disturbances like depression and disorientation
Dry mucous membranes
GIT hypomotility

19
Q

Pralidoxime Chloride (2-Pam)

A

Reversal agent for organophosphates
Most effective when given within 24 hrs (aging)

20
Q

Sodium nitrite and thiosulfate

A

Treats cyanide poisoning
Large doses of thiosulfate without the use of nitrites

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

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