Pesticides

Question 1

What led to the environmental revolution?

Answer 1

Started with chemicals DDT, 2, 4D, and chlorinated hydrocarbons
Impact of environmental pollution on birds

Question 2

Why was the EPA formed

Answer 2

DDT banned
Wanted laws passed to protect the environment

Question 3

EPA

Answer 3

Regulates the use to pesticides
Set max residue levels or tolerances for pesticides used in food

Question 4

What 2 acts did the EPA enact?

Answer 4

FIFRA: federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act
FFDCA: federal food, drug and cosmetic act (Delaney cause)

Question 5

Pentachlorophenol

Answer 5

Used for funguses, herbicide and bactericide
Sources: treated woods, (fence, utility poles, barns, etc.)

Question 6

MOA of Pentachlorophenol

Answer 6

Uncouples oxid phosphorylation
(Irritant and neurotoxic)

Question 7

Who is susceptible to Pentachlorophenol

Answer 7

All animals
Young > mature
Especially in newborn pigs

Question 8

Treatment of Pentachlorophenol

Answer 8

No antidotes
Act charcoal, cold water and electrolytes

Question 9

Phenoxy Herbicides

Answer 9

Early formulations contained dioxin
Enhances excretion via alkalinizing urine

Question 10

Dogs and Phenoxy Herbicides

Answer 10

Access to freshly sprayed lawns
Canine excretion of phenoxy herbicides is slow

Question 11

Mechanism of Phenoxy Herbicides

Answer 11

Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
Increase the number of hepatic peroxisomes
Alter/ affect muscle membranes in dogs

Question 12

Neuromuscular effects of Phenoxy Herbicides (2,4,D)

Answer 12

Neuromuscular system: depression, muscle weakness, ataxia, tremors
Dogs: Myotonia, posterior weakness, ataxia, clinic spasms, altered EMG

Question 13

GIT effects of Phenoxy Herbicides (2,4-D)

Answer 13

Anorexia, atony, diarrhea, weakness, ulceration of oral mucosa, vomiting and diarrhea

Question 14

Treatment for Phenoxy Herbicides (2,4-D)

Answer 14

Bathe with soap and water
Charcoal
IV fluids

Question 15

What does Agent Orange cause?

Answer 15

Birth defects (cleft palate, deformed babies)
Cancers (resp. system, skin diseases)
Peripheral neuropathy (chloracne)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (multiple myeloma)
Diabetes Melkite’s and Hodgkin’s disease
Mental disabilities

Question 16

Dioridyl Herbicides

Answer 16

Paraguay and Diquat chemicals
Degradable in sunlight in 3 weeks
Restricted use
Mechanism: lipid peroxidation

Question 17

Paraquat

Answer 17

Concentrates in lungs (10x)
In companion animals (dogs) you’ll have malicious cases and accidental exposures

Question 18

Clinical signs of Dioridyl Herbicides

Answer 18

Respiratory dyspnea —> pulmonary fibrosis

Question 19

Pathology of Dioridyl Herbicides-

Answer 19

Congested lung, hemorrhage, atelectasis, bronchodilation, bullous emphysema
Necrosis of type 1 alveoli and tubular degration (kidney)

Question 20

Treatment of Dioridyl Herbicides

Answer 20

Detoxify: Bentonite, charcoal, kitty litter saline cathartics
Supportive: Assisted ventilation
Antidotes:
Orgotein, acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid

Question 21

Atrazine Metabolites

Answer 21

Mammary tumor induction
Delay in sexual maturation
Decrease prostate and seminal vesicles weight
Reduced testosterone

Question 22

Glyphosphate: Round up

Answer 22

Used in yards and fields
Low incidence of toxic reports
Irritants skin, eyes and upper resp tract

Question 23

What cancers are linked to Glyphosphate: Round up

Answer 23

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
B cell or T cell NHL
Follicular lymphoma
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia