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1. Toxicology > Insecticides > Flashcards

Insecticides Flashcards

1
Q

Types of organophosphate insecticides

A

Aliphatic carbon, cyclic or heterocyclic phosphates

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2
Q

Types of carbamates insecticides

A

Cyclic/ aliphatic derivatives or barbamic acid
Usually doesn’t contain sulfur

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3
Q

Organophosphates susceptibility

A

Cats> dogs
Brahma cattle (bulls) > english cattle breeds
Poultry have a lower tolerance

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4
Q

Organophosphates exposure

A

Oral: most serious
Dermal: spray/pour on
Inhalation: Mist

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5
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor muscarinic signs

A

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, vomiting, bradycardia, micurition, dyspnea, miosis

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6
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor nicotinic signs

A

Muscle tremors
Twitching and paresis progression to paralysis

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7
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor CNS signs

A

Depression, behavioral/ personality changes, hyperactivity, seizures

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8
Q

Cholinesterase depression

A

OP poisoning (stable)
Carbamate poisoning (spontaneous)
Diagnosed by whole blood and brain (caudate nucleus)

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9
Q

Pathology of OP poisoning

A

Congestion
Pulmonary edema
Dilated Intestine and filled with poison

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10
Q

OP detoxification

A

Dermal: Wash (soap/ detergent), long hair animals trimmed
Oral: emesis/ gastric lavage and charcoal

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11
Q

Treatment for OP poisoning

A

Atropine treats muscarinic signs, can’t be over 0.1-0.5 mg/kg
Diphenhydramine treats nicotinic signs

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12
Q

What is the antidote for OP poisoning?

A

2-PAM

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13
Q

Acute syndrome of OP poisoning

A

Most accurate info available for medical experts
Most common

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14
Q

Ginger Jake paralysis

A

Polyneuropathy effecting motor nerves to the distal parts of the extremities
From drinking alcoholic extract of Jamaican ginger Abdul trees by pesticide

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15
Q

Clinical manifestations of Ginger Jake paralysis

A

Loss of sensation, motor function, strokes, SC injuries and poliomyelitis
Extremities - increased muscular tension, hyperactive reflexes or loss of reflexes

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16
Q

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids uses

A

Flea control insecticidal sprays (pest control)

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17
Q

Pyrethrins clinical signs

A

CNS stimulation: salivation, vomiting, dyspnea, cyanosis, tremors, etc. within minutes of exposure
CS resolve in death or recovery in 24-72 hours

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18
Q

Pyrethrins diagnosis

A

Toxicology analysis
Clorinated hydrocarbons, metaldehyde, strychnine etc.

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19
Q

Pyrethrins treatment

A

Bathe with soap and water if dermal
Emetics/ gastric lavage in recent exposures (4hrs)
Activated charcoal and saline sobitol cathartic

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20
Q

Supportive therapy for Pyrethrins

A

For seizure and hyperexcitability control use diazepam and barbiturates

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21
Q

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

A

Includes DDT, DDE, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos
Alters Na channels enhancing action potential causing seizures

22
Q

Chlorinated hydrocarbons MOA

A

Readily absorbed via skin and muscle
Accumulated in adipose tissue and slow released

23
Q

Treatment of Chlorinated hydrocarbons

A

Bathe and clip hair
Diazepam, phenobarbital, pentobarbital (seizures)

24
Q

Organochlorine insecticide effects

A

Eggshell thinning in raptors (eagle, hawks)
Estrogenic effects in birds –> infertility

25
Q

Metaldehyde

A

Bait pelleted or meal-style bait
Southern lowlands in US
Most common in dogs

26
Q

Toxicokinetics of Metaldehyde

A

↓ 5 HT, serotonin in brain and GABA levels –> excitatory signs in CNS

27
Q

Signs of Metaldehyde

A

Seizures, muscle tremors, metabolic acidosis
Cattle/ sheep: ataxia and tremors
Horses: colic, diarrhea, sweating, tremors, hyperestesia

28
Q

Treatment for Metaldehyde

A

Diazepam, barbiturates and methocarbamol
Artificial respiration, fluid therapy

29
Q

Fipronil

A

Flea and tick control on dogs and cats, home ant, termite control
Pest control on food crops, turf insect control

30
Q

Fipronil infection

A

Toxic to shrimp, oysters, fish, bees, game birds
Causes seizures in rabbits
Skin lesions

31
Q

Treatment for fipronil

A

Bath dogs 24-48 hours after exposure
Dish detergent, follicle flushing tatto or steroids

32
Q

Rotenone

A

Derived from the root of the Derris plant
Arrow poison to paralyze fish

33
Q

Sourced of rotenone

A

Flea control products and premise insecticides
Topical product–> bovine hypoderma larvae

34
Q

MOA of rotenone

A

Inhibits electron transfer and mitosis
Complexes with reduced NADH

35
Q

Signs of rotenone

A

CNS and GIT
Vomiting, gastric irritation, lethargy, stupor, dyspnea, etc.

36
Q

Amitraz

A

Formamidine insecticide used on cattle, dogs and pigs
Topical used in flea collars
Ectoparasite contil in swine

37
Q

Amitraz mechanism of toxicity

A

Weak monamine oxidase inhibitor
Targets CNS and CVS

38
Q

Clinical signs of amitraz

A

CNS depression and CVS bradycardia
Ataxia, disorientation, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, diarrhea, vocalization, seizures

39
Q

Do not use amitraz on _________

A

cats

40
Q

4- Aminopyridine (4-AP)

A

↑ acetylcholine release and inhibits K+ repolarization
Lethal doses: seizures to death
Clin signs: CNS stimulation
Highly toxic to mammals

41
Q

4- Aminopyridine (4-AP) treatment

A

Fampridine –> used to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis

42
Q

Nicotine

A

Mimics ACh in SNS, PSNS and NMJ
Rapid onset of action

43
Q

Toxic doses of nicotine

A

Simulation followed by blockade of nerual transmission
Signs: Hyperactivity, vomiting, salivation, tremors, tachycardia, death

44
Q

What is death of nicotine due to?

A

Respiratory paralysis of diaphragm

45
Q

Napthalene

A

Old mothballs causing metabolic acidosis and hemolytic- heinz body anemia
Pathology in liver and kidney
Toxicity: vomiting, napthalene odor, methemoglobin

46
Q

Paradischlorobenzene

A

Newer mothballs and less toxic but more GIT effects
Pathology of the liver and kidney

47
Q

Treatment and diagnosis of moth balls

A

Emesis, decontaminate, supportive therapy
Diagnosed with methylene blue

48
Q

Deet

A

CLS: Vomiting, tremors, excitation, ataxia, seizures
Dermal: erythema, desquamation, scarring

49
Q

Boric acid

A

CLS: vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, ataxia, acidosis
Lesions: gastroenteritis, hepatic, renal lipidosis, renal tubular damage

50
Q

Citric oil extracts (Limonene and linalool)

A

Uncommon, in cats treated with high dose
Central and peripheral vasodilation and neurologic mechanism

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

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