Metals Flashcards
Acute copper syndrome
Uncommon
Excessive exposure
MOA: direct tissue irritant causing coag necrosis
Chronic copper toxicosis
Most common
Sheep most affected
From feed additives, copper soils and plants
Copper MOA
Accumulation in hepatic mitochondria and lysosomes
Excess CU oxidizes RBCs →fragility →hemolysis Hb → methmoglobin
Copper CS
Saliva, nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, dehydration, shock, death
Copper Diagnosis
Hbnemia, Hburia, Brnemia
Elevated AST and SDH
Elevated blood and tissue CU levels
Copper toxic effects
Colic
Icterus, pale mm, dyspnea
Shock and death
Copper lesions
Gun metal kidneys (sheep)
Renal tubular necrosis, Hb casts, fragmented RBCs
Copper treatment
Ammonium tretrathiomolybdate (sheep)
D; penicillamine
Molybenized copper PO4
Chronic hepatic copper accumulation in dogs
In Bedlington terriers, Labs, dobermans, spaniels
Autosomal recessive disorder
Cu retention in liver (lysosomes) –> necrosis
Chronic hepatic copper accumulation CS
Icterus, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, elevated liver copper, necrotic cirrhosis, hemolytic crisis
Chronic hepatic copper accumulation treatment
Chelation, d-penicillamine
Corticosteroids, Vitamin C
Supplement: Zn
Copper nutritional interactions (Mo and sulfur)
Mo and sulfur antagonists to copper
Prevent gut absorption and ↑ excretion of absorbed copper in liver and tissues
________ is frequently added to sheep diets to help prevent copper toxicity
Molybdenum (too high will lead to copper toxicity)
Monesin and lasalocid supplements
↑ efficacy of copper absorption by sheep
Peracute/ acute injectable exposure to iron
Immediately after injection (anaphylactic rxn)
Dehydration, shock, acidosis, cardio collapse, coma and death
