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1. Toxicology > Lead Poisoning > Flashcards

Lead Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

Important roles of metals

A

Cofactors in oxidation and reduction rxns

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2
Q

Essential minerals

A

Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Cr

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3
Q

Major inhibitory toxic metals

A

Arsenic, mercury, cadium, lead

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4
Q

Chealtors

A

EDTA, BAL, penicillamine, Defereoxamine, succimer

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5
Q

Lead mechanism of toxicosis

A

Binds sufhydryl groups in enzymes
Competes and replaces zinc
Affects all organs

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6
Q

Lead exposure susceptibility

A

Oral, inhalation, contact surfaces, in-utero, milk
Affects young animals, children, cattle and dogs mostly

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7
Q

Lead common sources

A

Used motor oil
Drapery weights/ tire weights
Batteries/ fishing sinkers
Newspaper print
Improperly glazed pottery
Roofing felt
Automotive machinery

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8
Q

Lead target organs

A

Nervous system
Hematopoietic system
GI tract
Reproductive, immune, kidney

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9
Q

Lead hematopoietic toxicity

A

Inhibits heme synthesis → accumulation of heme precursors in blood

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10
Q

Lead hematopoietic effects

A

Anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)
↑ reticulocytes, RBC fragility
Shortened lifespan
BM depression

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11
Q

Lead GIT toxicosis

A

Mild gastritis or enteritis
Esophageal dilatation

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12
Q

Lead renal intranuclear inclusions

A

Eosinophilic dense homogenous bodies (lead protein complex)
Acid fact with carbolfuschsin

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12
Q

How does lead affect the reproduction system

A

Abortions, resorptions, sterility, retardation

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13
Q

Lead affected respiratory system

A

Inspiratory dyspnea
Respiratory paralysis (roaring)

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14
Q

Nervous system lead effects

A

Head bobbing, head pressing, twitching of the ears, muscle tremors, seizures, segmental demyelination

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15
Q

Lead poisoning in horses

A

Paresis of the lower lip, pharynx, rectal sphincter
Regurgitation (peripheral nerve)

16
Q

Lead poisoning in dogs and cats

A

Depression, hysteria
Loud
Seizures
Vomiting
Blood (anemia, basophilic stippling, nucleated RBCs)

17
Q

Lead poisoning in Psttacines

A

Regurgitation
Blindness, convulsions, circling, torticollis
Anorexia, weight loss, cachexia

18
Q

Diagnosing lead toxicosis

A

Radiography: radiodense objects or particles in the GIT
Metaphyseal sclerosis in young animals
Plasma porphyrins fluorescence in UV light
Zinc protoporphin ↑

19
Q

Lead treatment

A

Chelation
Diazepam/ pentobarbital
Thiamine
Decontamination

20
Q

Lead chelation therapy

A

Succimer
CaNA2EDTA
D-Penicillamine
BAL
DMPs

21
Q

Lead public health issues

A

Food
Federal agencies
NIOSH
EPA

22
Q

Lead lesions

A

Pale musculature and liver
Renal tubular deheneration
Cerebral cortical necrosis
Polioencephalomalcia
Rumen prtozoa

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

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