Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Toxicology > Selected Toxins > Flashcards

Selected Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen toxicosis

A

Cats more susceptible than dogs due to limited ability to conjugate drugs as glucorindes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CS of Acetaminophen toxicosis

A

Liver damage in dogs, icterus
Cyanosis, edema, lacrimation, pruritus, brown mm, tachycardia, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dx of Acetaminophen toxicosis

A

Methemoglobinemia, heinz body formation, hemolytic anemia (cats)
Renal failure
Liver damage (dogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetaminophen toxicosis hepatotoxicity

A

Elevated liver enzymes, BR
Dark chocolate blood, mottled liver
Centrilobular necrosis
Palpebral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetaminophen toxicosis treatment

A

Detox (emesis, charcoal)
N-acetylcysteine
Supplemental (O2, ascorbic acid, cimetidine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aspirin MOA

A

Nonselective PG inhibitor
COX inhibition
Uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aspirin CS

A

GIT: hemorrhage, vomit, diarrhea, ulcers
Anemia, renal and liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aspirin target organs

A

GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aspirin treatment

A

Decontam, sucralfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methyl xanthines sources

A

Coffee, tea, nonalcoholic drinks, choco, caffeine
Stimulant tablets, choco poisoning and coco bean mulch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Methyl xanthines pharmacological effects

A

Release intracellular Ca → stimulates CNS, ↑ contractility of cardiac and skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chocolate poisoning

A

Chococlate residues in GIT, gastroenteritis, congested organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chocolate may contain both _____________ and ____________

A

Caffeine and theobromine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Theobromine content in chocolate

A

Most: cocoa powder and dark chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) MOA

A

Directly on CNS → hypocalcemia
Metabolic acidosis
Renal tubular blockage
Caclium oxalate crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ethylene glycol sources

A

Antifreeze mixtures → drinking water drained from car radiators

17
Q

Ethylene glycol species

A

All affected
Commonly in dogs and cats

18
Q

Ethylene glycol target organs

A

Kidney!!! - Ca oxalate crystals, anuria, uremia
GIT- dark brown gastric mucosa with hemorrhage

19
Q

Ethylene glycol diagnosis

A

Histopathology most useful

20
Q

Ethylene glycol treatment

A

Detox: gastric lavage, emesis, catharsis
Antidote: ethanol, 4-methyl pyrazole
Ca borogluconate for hypocalcemia

21
Q

Petrolium hydrocarbons mechanism of toxicosis

A

Direct irritation of mucous membranes
Pulmonary/ resp. infections
GIT effects: vomiting and bloat
Aspiration pneumonia

22
Q

Petrolium hydrocarbons target organs

A

Lungs: congested, foreign body pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis, hydrothorax

23
Q

Dioxins major clinical effects

A

Chloracne (skin eruption)
Teratogenic/ carcinogenic
Immunodepression; thyrotoxic
Hepatic induction, adrenocortical failure
TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN (toxic)

24
Q

Fluoride mechanism of toxicosis

A

Replaces hydroxyapatite in crystalline structure of bone → delayed and altered mineralization

25
Q

Fluoride species

A

Cattle

26
Q

Fluoride target organs

A

Teeth and bones

27
Q

Fluoride CS

A

Weak teeth
Excessive pitting and dental wear
Teeth brown or black

28
Q

Xylitol sources

A

Sugar alcohol used in sweeteners/ sugar free products
Gums, candy, baked goods

29
Q

Xylitol species

A

Dogs most affected

30
Q

Xylitol toxic effects

A

Severe hypoglycemia
Hepatic necrosis

31
Q

Xylitol treatment

A

Decontaminate and dextrose

32
Q

Grapes/ raisins species

A

Dogs (idiopathic)

33
Q

Grapes/ raisins toxic effects

A

Acute kidney failure (foul breath, oliguria, anuria, , abdominal pain)
Coma and death
Tremors and seizures

34
Q

Grapes/ raisins lesions

A

Ulcers on oral mucosa

35
Q

Avocado toxic syndromes

A

Myocarditis, myocardial necrosis
Cardiac insufficiency
Mastitis
Edema of lips and tongue

36
Q

Avocado target organs

A

GIT and CVS

37
Q

Raw dough bread toxic syndrome

A

Gastric distention
Metabolic acidosis
CNS depression
Respiratory compromise

38
Q

Macadamia nuts toxic syndrome

A

Vomit, anorexia, weakness, hyperthermia, CNS depression

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions