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Disease mgmt > Zoonotic diseases > Flashcards

Zoonotic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonosis

A

Any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans (or visa versa)

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2
Q

Vector

A

An organism/arthropod that carries & transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism

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3
Q

Pathogen

A

Bacteria, virus, or other micro-organism that can cause disease

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4
Q

Host

A

An organism that harbors a parasite, typically providing nourishment & shelter

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5
Q

Primary (or definitive) host

A

A host in which the parasite reaches maturity &, if possible reproduces

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6
Q

Secondary (or intermediate) host

A

A host that harbors a parasite only for a short transition period, during which some developmental stage is completed

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7
Q

Fomite

A

Any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as germs or parasites, & transferring them from one individual to another

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8
Q

Morbidity

A

The incidence of illness

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9
Q

Mortality

A

The incidence of death

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10
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of disease in populations & of factors that determine its occurrence over time

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11
Q

Epidemiology factors studied

A 
Microbe virulence (severity or harmfulness of infection)
Portals of microbe entry & exit
Course of disease
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12
Q

Disease surveillance

A

statistical analysis of data of the rates of disease prevalence, morbidity, & mortality

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13
Q

Reportable disease

A

Diseases considered to be of great public health importance (EX: CDC, TAHC)

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14
Q

Endemic diease

A

Always present in a population of a particular geographic area

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15
Q

Enzootic disease

A

An endemic diease of animals

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16
Q

Epidemic disease

A

Sudden onset & widespread outbreak within a group

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17
Q

Epizootic disease

A

An epidemic disease in animal populations

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18
Q

Sporadic

A

Few isolated cases of a disease seen in a widespread area in an unpredictable manner

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19
Q

Pandemic disease

A

Widespread epidemic & generally involves the spread across continents

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20
Q

Panzootic disease

and example

A

Pandemic disease involving animals (EX: H5N1- avian flu)

21
Q

Emerging diseases

A

New diseases; or known diseases occurring in places or species in which the disease was previously unknown (EX: Influenza)

22
Q

Reservoir

A

Animate or inanimate object that serves as a long term habitat & source for an infectious agent

23
Q

Direct transmission

A

Direct contact between the infected individual & the susceptible individual

24
Q

Indirect transmission

A

Infected individual & susceptible individual do not actually come in direct contact (Ex: Fomite, Vector,

25
Q

Vertical transmission

A

Spread of disease from parent to offspring, via the placenta or milk, and is ALWAYS direct (perinatal transmission)

26
Q

Horizontal Transmission

A

Spread of disease through a population from one infected individual to another, can be either direct or indirect

27
Q

Acute diseases

A

Rapid onset/ or short course, clinical signs tend to be relatively severe (ex: common cold)

28
Q

Chronic disease

A

A long term condition, clinical signs tend to be relatively low grade (ex: tuberculosis)

29
Q

Subacute dieases

A

Duration somewhere between acute & chronic diseases (ex: some forms of anthrax)

30
Q

Peracute dieases

A

Very acute

31
Q

Latent diseases

A

Pathogen remains inactive for long periods of time before becoming active (ex: herpes virus)

32
Q

Immediate allergic vaccine reactions

A

Facial swelling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, seizures (treatment needed)

33
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

cardiovascular collapse, respiratory arrest, death (if no treatment)

34
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity

A

Days to weeks or more. (ex: Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), Immune mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), immunosuppression, autoimmune thyroiditis)

35
Q

Sarcomas in cats

A

Development of mass at injection site.

36
Q

Where should vaccines be given to avoid sarcomas?

A

over a limb instead of in the shoulder blade region, where tumor removal would be more
difficult.

37
Q

True or false all adverse reactions should be documented & reported

A

True

38
Q

Who is legally required to have rabies vaccinations?

A

Dogs & cats. Ferrets are not required but can be recognized as vaccinated

39
Q

Who can give the rabies vaccine?

A

In texas, must be administered or under supervision of veterinarian who is physically present on the premises

40
Q

What are the age requirements for rabies vaccine?

A

Minimum based on package insert. Typically 12 weeks no later than 16 wks

41
Q

When is the animal legally immunized for rabies?

A

30 days after the initial dose

42
Q

When is an animal overdue for rabies vaccine?

A

The day after the expiration date on the rabies vaccine certificate

43
Q

If a previously rabies vaccinated animal is overdue & re-vaccinated, when are they considered current?

A

Immediately after being vaccinated

44
Q

Can a rabies antibody titer be used to establish “immunity”?

A

No

45
Q

What is meant by rabies “exposure”

A

Animals that have been bitten by, directly exposed to the fresh tissues of a rabid animal

46
Q

What are the consequence of “exposure” of rabies

A

A currently vax animal: euthanasia, immediately given booster & quarantined for 45 days
No current vax: Euthanasia, Immediate vax, placed in confinement for 90 days

47
Q

What if a pet bites someone?

A

REGARDLESS of vax status, 10 day quarantine, NOT given rabies vaccine, may require euthanasia & testing

48
Q

Is rabies vaccination of hybrid species allowed?

A

The rabies vaccine can be given but they are never considered currently vaccinated

Disease mgmt (11 decks)

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