Zoonotic diseases Flashcards
Zoonosis
Any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans (or visa versa)
Vector
An organism/arthropod that carries & transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Pathogen
Bacteria, virus, or other micro-organism that can cause disease
Host
An organism that harbors a parasite, typically providing nourishment & shelter
Primary (or definitive) host
A host in which the parasite reaches maturity &, if possible reproduces
Secondary (or intermediate) host
A host that harbors a parasite only for a short transition period, during which some developmental stage is completed
Fomite
Any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as germs or parasites, & transferring them from one individual to another
Morbidity
The incidence of illness
Mortality
The incidence of death
Epidemiology
The study of disease in populations & of factors that determine its occurrence over time
Epidemiology factors studied
Microbe virulence (severity or harmfulness of infection) Portals of microbe entry & exit Course of disease
Disease surveillance
statistical analysis of data of the rates of disease prevalence, morbidity, & mortality
Reportable disease
Diseases considered to be of great public health importance (EX: CDC, TAHC)
Endemic diease
Always present in a population of a particular geographic area
Enzootic disease
An endemic diease of animals
Epidemic disease
Sudden onset & widespread outbreak within a group
Epizootic disease
An epidemic disease in animal populations
Sporadic
Few isolated cases of a disease seen in a widespread area in an unpredictable manner
Pandemic disease
Widespread epidemic & generally involves the spread across continents
Panzootic disease
and example
Pandemic disease involving animals (EX: H5N1- avian flu)
Emerging diseases
New diseases; or known diseases occurring in places or species in which the disease was previously unknown (EX: Influenza)
Reservoir
Animate or inanimate object that serves as a long term habitat & source for an infectious agent
Direct transmission
Direct contact between the infected individual & the susceptible individual
Indirect transmission
Infected individual & susceptible individual do not actually come in direct contact (Ex: Fomite, Vector,
Vertical transmission
Spread of disease from parent to offspring, via the placenta or milk, and is ALWAYS direct (perinatal transmission)
Horizontal Transmission
Spread of disease through a population from one infected individual to another, can be either direct or indirect
Acute diseases
Rapid onset/ or short course, clinical signs tend to be relatively severe (ex: common cold)
Chronic disease
A long term condition, clinical signs tend to be relatively low grade (ex: tuberculosis)
Subacute dieases
Duration somewhere between acute & chronic diseases (ex: some forms of anthrax)
Peracute dieases
Very acute
Latent diseases
Pathogen remains inactive for long periods of time before becoming active (ex: herpes virus)
Immediate allergic vaccine reactions
Facial swelling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, seizures (treatment needed)
Anaphylaxis
cardiovascular collapse, respiratory arrest, death (if no treatment)
Delayed hypersensitivity
Days to weeks or more. (ex: Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), Immune mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), immunosuppression, autoimmune thyroiditis)
Sarcomas in cats
Development of mass at injection site.
Where should vaccines be given to avoid sarcomas?
over a limb instead of in the shoulder blade region, where tumor removal would be more
difficult.
True or false all adverse reactions should be documented & reported
True
Who is legally required to have rabies vaccinations?
Dogs & cats. Ferrets are not required but can be recognized as vaccinated
Who can give the rabies vaccine?
In texas, must be administered or under supervision of veterinarian who is physically present on the premises
What are the age requirements for rabies vaccine?
Minimum based on package insert. Typically 12 weeks no later than 16 wks
When is the animal legally immunized for rabies?
30 days after the initial dose
When is an animal overdue for rabies vaccine?
The day after the expiration date on the rabies vaccine certificate
If a previously rabies vaccinated animal is overdue & re-vaccinated, when are they considered current?
Immediately after being vaccinated
Can a rabies antibody titer be used to establish “immunity”?
No
What is meant by rabies “exposure”
Animals that have been bitten by, directly exposed to the fresh tissues of a rabid animal
What are the consequence of “exposure” of rabies
A currently vax animal: euthanasia, immediately given booster & quarantined for 45 days
No current vax: Euthanasia, Immediate vax, placed in confinement for 90 days
What if a pet bites someone?
REGARDLESS of vax status, 10 day quarantine, NOT given rabies vaccine, may require euthanasia & testing
Is rabies vaccination of hybrid species allowed?
The rabies vaccine can be given but they are never considered currently vaccinated
