Quiz#3 Flashcards
What is the causative agent of anthrax?
bacillus anthracis
Which animals are most commonly affected by anthrax?
all mammals, wild & domestic (more common in hoofed livestock); few birds
What are the most common clinical signs associated with anthrax infection?
fever, depression, difficulty breathing, convulsions, bloody discharges, & sudden death
What are the forms of anthrax that people can get?
o Cutaneous- ulcerated skin & swelling o GI symptoms (rare) o Pulmonary: dyspnea (rare, most severe) o CNS: meningitis o Septicemia: death
How is anthrax transmitted?
Resistant spores in environment, Cutaneous, Inhalation, Ingestion, injection
How should bodies be disposed of in animals suspected of having anthrax?
burring in lime or incinerating
What are some differences in dog bites vs. cat bites?
Cat bite has higher chance of getting infected within 12 hrs
Which animals are most likely to be infected with Brucellosis?
Sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, pigs, dogs, and others
What are the most common clinical signs of Brucellosis in animals?
Abortion, Decreased milk production, Orchitis and epididymitis, Synovitis &Diskospondylitis in dogs
What are some ways Brucellosis is transmitted?
Direct contact with infected animals or animal products, cutaneous, inhalation, ingestion
What are some methods of prevention of Brucellosis?
Eradication program, Test/slaughter, Vaccine for uninfected herds, Protective clothing (farmers, vet personnel, hunters), Pasteurization of milk, Sanitation/hygiene, Proper food handling
What is the causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease?
Bartonella henselae
What are the clinical signs in cats for Cat Scratch Disease?
Asymptomatic
What are the clinical signs of Cat Scratch Disease in people?
Swollen lymph nodes (generally closest to scratch), Fever, Headache , Fatigue, Poor appetite
How do cats become infected with Cat Scratch Disease?
Fleas
How do people become infected with Cat Scratch Disease?
cat licks open wound or bites/ scratches hard enough to break skin (flea feces infect wound)
Which animals are most commonly affected by Listeriosis?
• Most common in ruminants
Which human population is most susceptible to Listeriosis?
pregnant, newborn, elderly, immunocompromised
How can Listeriosis be transmitted to humans?
ingestion- improperly cooked meat of infected animal, handling raw meat, fecal contaminated( water, vegetables, cheese, etc), Asymptomatic carriers, transplacental
What is the causative agent of the plague?
Yersinia pestis
Which animals are most commonly affected by the plague?
Rodents, birds, lagomorphs, carnivores
What are the three forms of plague seen in people?
septicemic plague, pneumonic plague, bubonic plague
How is the plague transmitted?
rodent fleas, direct contact, inhalation
What are two preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of infection with the plague?
Rodent & flea control
Which animals are most commonly affected by M. bovis?
Cattle (but also bison, elk, etc)
How is M. bovis transmitted to animals?
Inhalation of aerosols or fomite, inhalation, bits, vertical transmission, grooming
How is M. Bovis transmitted to people?
inhalation, ingestion, through skin
How is M. bovis diagnosed?
in animals by skin test & in people culture, histology, & skin test
What are the clinical signs of avian influenza in birds?
- LPAI -Coughing, sneezing, sinusitis, ruffled feathers, low egg production (most common)
- HPAI – fowl plague – Ruffled feathers, PD, anorexia, watery diarrhea, conjunctivitis, facial edema, sudden death (100% morbidity/mortality)
How is avian influenza transmitted?
Indirect contact (virus survives long periods in environment), Close human contact w/ wild or domestic birds, respiratory secretions, saliva, feces, vectors
