Quiz #5 Flashcards
What are two management techniques you could tell owners to prevent contracting/spreading ringworm?
• Basic hygiene, environmental decontamination
What are the primary ways that systemic mycoses manifest in animals (which organ systems affected?)
• Pulmonary infections, bladder infections, meningoencephalitis
Which systemic mycoses do we consider zoonotic? How do most people get these infections from the environment? From animals?
- Histo, Blasto, Coccidioides
- From environment: Inhalation of aerosolized spores (Soil, Culture plates if not opened under a hood), Via contaminated wound
- From animals: Cutaneously
What are prions? What type of disease do they cause? What are 2 examples of diseases caused by prions? What is the treatment? What are 2 ways to prevent infection with prions?
• Proteinaceous infectious particles- 1/10th the size of viruses
• Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy & Chronic Wasting Disease
o NO TREATMENT
o Feeding/import bans, pop. reduction
What is a definitive host? What types of animals are typically definitive hosts? What are intermediate hosts? What types of animals are typically intermediate hosts?
- Definitive host: Host in which a parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces sexually
- Intermediate host: Harbor an immature stage of a parasite and are required for parasite development
What is the difference between a direct life cycle and indirect life cycle?
- Direct life cycle: Involve only one definitive host – where parasite spends most of its life. Transmitted from one host to another by direct contact or ingestion of a form of the parasite
- Indirect life cycle: Involve a definitive host and one or more intermediate hosts
Which parasite causes cutaneous larval migrans? Which causes visceral larval migrans? Neural larval migrans? What are two ways to prevent infection with these parasites?
- Ancylostoma spp. (Hookworms
- Toxocara spp. (Roundworms
- Baylisascaris spp. (Raccoon roundworm)
- Routine fecal exams & deworming of pets, good sanitation, PPE
Who is the definitive host for Echinococcus? Who can be intermediate hosts? How do definitive hosts become infected? How do intermediate hosts become infected?
- Definitive: Canines: intestinal invasion
* Intermediate: Herbivores: tissue invasion
Who are the intermediate hosts for Taenia saginata? Taenia solium? Who are the definitive hosts? How do people get Taeniasis? Cysticercosis?
- Intermediate: Taenia saginata (cattle)/solium (pigs)
- Definitive: usually humans
- Taeniasis: Eating tissues from intermediate hosts, (people= raw/undercooked meat)
- Cysticercosis: consuming tapeworm eggs shed in the feces of definitive hosts (people = fruit/veggies, water, soil)
What kind of worm is Trichuris vulpis (common, everyday name)? Who tends to be most affected by T. vulpis? How is it transmitted?
- Whipworms
- Most affected is children (stunted growth)
- Fecal-oral transmission (usually contaminated soil), Eggs are sticky(can be carried by hands/fomites/food), mechanical vectors (house fly)
Which animals generally are infected with Cryptosporidium? Age? How is it transmitted?
- Animals, especially young calves & lambs (very young)
* Fecal-oral: Direct/Indirect, Water/food often source
What are the clinical signs of Toxoplasmosis in humans? What is the major risk to humans? What is the most common way that Toxoplasmosis is transmitted? What is unique about the oocysts? What are some prevention strategies?
- Asyptomatic (immuncompetent), Flu-like symptoms, Neuro/Uveitis, Death, FETUS (Stillbirth/miscarriage) Congenital defects, e.g., hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis
- Undercooked meat/contaminated milk (GREATEST RISK)
- Oocysts not immediately infective! – takes 24 hours
- Keep cats indoors; don’t feed raw, Sanitation/hygiene (litter boxes)
What is the main clinical sign associated with the Babesia parasite? What disease does it cause in cattle? What is the main way that it is transmitted?
- Cattle: Texas cattle fever
- Cattle/horses: Fever, anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, death
- Transmission: TICKS, blood transfusions, mechanical transmissions, transplacental
What are the main clinical signs of Giardia? What is Giardia known as? How is it transmitted? What are some recommendations for prevention/management?
- Dogs/cats: astymptomatic, chronic diarrhea, weight loss
- Clinical signs (humans): Asymptomatic, Acute/chronic GI signs
- Known as Beaver fever
- Immediately infective!: Indirect transmission via contaminated water (esp beavers) or food (ingestion), Zoonotic, mechanical transmission (flies)
- Prevention: sanitation, avoid ingestion
What disease does Trypanosoma cruzi cause? What organ is primarily affected in animals? What is the primary mode of transmission?
- Chagas’ disease (bugs w orange diamond)
- Megaesophagus, heart in older animals
- Feces of the Reduviid bug (kissing bug, assassin bug) – ingestion, Rubbing or scratching wound (so feces gets inside)
