Derm study guide (cont)

Question 1

What are some ways to treat or prevent anal gland problems?

Answer 1

• Treatment: Express contents, antibiotics & anti-inflammatory drugs/analgesics, warm compresses, surgical removal for repeat offenders
• Express if scooting, control allergies, weight control, increased fiber in diet

Question 2

What characteristics make a tumor malignant vs. benign?

Answer 2

• Benign- do no harm

* Malignant- may result in death, invasive to tissue/ spreads to other organs, usually carcinomas or sarcomas

Question 3

What age range do we usually see histiocytomas? Where on the body are they usually located? What is the treatment?

Answer 3

• Young dogs
• Most common on face, legs, lips, and abdomen (small hairless pink nodules)
• Usually spontaneously regress (go away), Surgery is curative

Question 4

What does a lipoma usually feel like?

Answer 4

• Usually soft unless under muscle, usually moveable

Question 5

What are papillomas caused by? What do they look like?

Answer 5

• Spread by ticks/mosquitoes?, Through cuts/wounds (viral cause)
• Cauliflower-like growth, Sometimes flat and scaly, May ulcerate and bleed, Usually in mouth (can be other places)

Question 6

What breeds are prone to sebaceous cysts? Why/when are they problematic?

Answer 6

• Common in Cocker Spaniels, Schnauzers, Yorkies

* May become secondarily infected

Question 7

Who usually gets basal cell carcinomas?

Answer 7

Older cats

Question 8

Who gets non- vaccine induced fibrosarcomas? How do the tumors feel? What is the prognosis?

Answer 8

• Older dogs
• Firm
• Poor prognosis due to invasiveness

Question 9

Who gets vaccine induced fibrosarcomas? Which vaccines has it typically been associated with? What is the treatment?

Answer 9

• Cats
• Rabies/Leukemia
• Surgical excision (possible limb amputation)

Question 10

Where are you likely to find melanocytomas vs where do you usually see malignant melanomas?

Answer 10

• Melanocytoma: middle aged to older dogs (Vizla, mini schnauzer, Doberman pinscher)
o Usually on skin
• Malignant melanoma: older males (Scottish terriers, black labs, chow chows), cats- eyes
o Mouth, lips, nailbeds/digits, eyelid

Question 11

What are some treatment options for malignant melanomas?

Answer 11

surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation, melanoma vaccine

Question 12

What is usually done prior to surgery to remove a mast cell tumor?

Answer 12

• Premedicate with diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) prior

Question 13

What is a possible cause of squamous cell carcinoma (what is there a history of?)

Answer 13

Sunbathing

Question 14

How do we prevent or prevent recurrence of perianal adenomas in male dogs?

Answer 14

Castration

Question 15

What are common causes of otitis externa?

Answer 15

Bacteria, yeast, ear mites, allergies

Question 16

What are some predisposing factors of otitis externa?

Answer 16

• Pendulous ears, narrow ear canals, increased glands & hair in canal, moisture after swimming or bathing

Question 17

What is the difference in the discharge between bacterial/fungal ear infection vs ear mites?

Answer 17

• Yeast/Bacteria: Erythema, moist discharge, pain, variable pruritus, odor
• Ear mites: Dark, dry discharge (coffee grounds), very pruritic