Derm study guide (cont) Flashcards
What are some ways to treat or prevent anal gland problems?
- Treatment: Express contents, antibiotics & anti-inflammatory drugs/analgesics, warm compresses, surgical removal for repeat offenders
- Express if scooting, control allergies, weight control, increased fiber in diet
What characteristics make a tumor malignant vs. benign?
- Benign- do no harm
* Malignant- may result in death, invasive to tissue/ spreads to other organs, usually carcinomas or sarcomas
What age range do we usually see histiocytomas? Where on the body are they usually located? What is the treatment?
- Young dogs
- Most common on face, legs, lips, and abdomen (small hairless pink nodules)
- Usually spontaneously regress (go away), Surgery is curative
What does a lipoma usually feel like?
• Usually soft unless under muscle, usually moveable
What are papillomas caused by? What do they look like?
- Spread by ticks/mosquitoes?, Through cuts/wounds (viral cause)
- Cauliflower-like growth, Sometimes flat and scaly, May ulcerate and bleed, Usually in mouth (can be other places)
What breeds are prone to sebaceous cysts? Why/when are they problematic?
- Common in Cocker Spaniels, Schnauzers, Yorkies
* May become secondarily infected
Who usually gets basal cell carcinomas?
Older cats
Who gets non- vaccine induced fibrosarcomas? How do the tumors feel? What is the prognosis?
- Older dogs
- Firm
- Poor prognosis due to invasiveness
Who gets vaccine induced fibrosarcomas? Which vaccines has it typically been associated with? What is the treatment?
- Cats
- Rabies/Leukemia
- Surgical excision (possible limb amputation)
Where are you likely to find melanocytomas vs where do you usually see malignant melanomas?
• Melanocytoma: middle aged to older dogs (Vizla, mini schnauzer, Doberman pinscher)
o Usually on skin
• Malignant melanoma: older males (Scottish terriers, black labs, chow chows), cats- eyes
o Mouth, lips, nailbeds/digits, eyelid
What are some treatment options for malignant melanomas?
surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation, melanoma vaccine
What is usually done prior to surgery to remove a mast cell tumor?
• Premedicate with diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) prior
What is a possible cause of squamous cell carcinoma (what is there a history of?)
Sunbathing
How do we prevent or prevent recurrence of perianal adenomas in male dogs?
Castration
What are common causes of otitis externa?
Bacteria, yeast, ear mites, allergies
What are some predisposing factors of otitis externa?
• Pendulous ears, narrow ear canals, increased glands & hair in canal, moisture after swimming or bathing
What is the difference in the discharge between bacterial/fungal ear infection vs ear mites?
- Yeast/Bacteria: Erythema, moist discharge, pain, variable pruritus, odor
- Ear mites: Dark, dry discharge (coffee grounds), very pruritic
