Quiz 7 Flashcards
How is lepto transmitted?
• Exposure to contaminated water, food, soil, or bedding. Bite wounds, direct contact with infected urine
Which two organ systems are primarily affected by lepto?
Kidneys & liver
Which body fluid most likely to contain lepto organisms?
Urine
If an animal is able to be vaccinated for lepto, how often should it be done? Is the vaccine cross protective against different serovars?
- Annually if necessary
* No
What are common organisms implicated in infectious tracheobronchitis?
Bacteria & viruses
How do animals with kennel cough generally feel? How is the cough described?
- decreased appetite and activity
* Deep hacking cough with gagging or retching “Goose honk”
Which is the recommended way to administer kennel cough vaccine?
Intranasal
Can we get Lyme disease directly from dogs? What are some ways to prevent Lyme disease?
- No
- Tick prevention and control
- Vaccine recommended for seronegative dogs living in endemic areas
Which strains of canine influenza do we vaccinate for?
• H3N8 and H3N2
What does the rattlesnake vaccine help with?
• Aids in the reduction of morbidity and mortality in rattlesnake envenomation
Are most pyodermas in animals primary or secondary?
Secondary most common
What are some of the secondary causes of pyodermas?
• allergies, food sensitivities, yeast infection, endocrine/metabolic disorder
Which layers of pyodermas are involved in superficial? Deep?
- Superficial: epidermis & follicle
* Deep: dermis & subcutis (SQ)
What are some clinical signs of pyodermas?
• Erythema, Papules, Pustules, Epidermal collarettes, Ulcerations, Crusts, Alopecia, Pruritus, Self-inflicted trauma
List some examples of superficial pyodermas.
• Hot spots, pyoderma, skin fold dermatitis, acne (could also be deep)
What is a “hot spot?” What usually causes them? Who is prone to them?
- Acute moist dermatitis
- self-inflicted trauma, clipper burn, atopy
- Heavy coated breeds
What are some of the dermal folds that can develop pyoderma (where are they located)?
- Lips (drooly breeds)
- Facial folds (brachycephalic)
- Vulvar folds
- Tail folds
What types of dogs get acne?
• Young dogs (3-12mo) or short coated breeds
What are some recommendations for treating and preventing feline acne?
• Cleanse area under chin, stainless steel or ceramic food & water bowls
What are some types of deep pyoderma?
• Feline acne, puppy strangles (juvenile pyoderma), interdigital, generalized pyodermas, acral (lick)granulomas, “stud-tail”
Where do lick granulomas form?
• Feet, carpus, at or below hock
What usually causes lick granulomas?
• Cause can be underlying issue (arthritis, allergies, neoplasia, OCD)
What are some treatment options for lick granulomas?
• Long-term antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, topicals, behavior drugs, e-collar, bandaging
What are some clinical signs of yeast infections?
• Pruritic, skin red, moist, ulcerated
What is a dermatophyte? What is the most common dermatophyte in small animals? How do we generally diagnose?
- Ringworm
- Microsporum canis
- Woods lamp, fungal culture/DTM culture, KOH preparations
What are some causes of allergies in animals? What locations on the body does each allergy typically affect?
- Fleas: base of tail, ventral abdomen
- Food: face feet, ears, rears
- inhalant allergens (atopy): feet, ears, axillae, anal glands
What are some diagnostics that we use to diagnose allergies?
• History, positive response to treatment, flea screening, skin scrapes, skin cytology, tape impressions, ear cytology, fungal culture
What is the best way to diagnose a food allergy?
Food trial (min 10 wks)
What generally causes feline eosinophilic granuloma complex? Where are these lesions usually located on the cat?
- Allergies (food, fleas, atopy), Idiopathic
* Ventral abdomen, inner thighs, axilla, chin, lips, footpads, ulcers on lips, eosinophilic plaques, linear granulomas
What are clinical signs of sarcoptic mange? What should owners know about this mite? How is it diagnosed?
- Severely pruritic, generalized lesions (pinna, ventral abdomen, elbows, hocks)
- Highly contagious & zoonotic
- Pinnal-pedal reflex, skin scrape, owner ends up w/ it
How is demodectic mange different from sarcoptic mange (clinical signs, location, diagnosis, etc.)?
- “red mange”, not contagious or zoonotic
- Hair loss on face, ears, extremities
- Non pruritic unless secondary pyoderma, Patchy alopecia
- DEEP skin scape, skin biopsy, fecal
What are some ways to tell that an animal has had fleas other than finding fleas themselves? What is unique about the flea’s life cycle?
- Hair loss, flea dirt, secondary pyoderma, tapeworms
* Spends most of life cycle off the host
Name 2 ingredients in flea medications that could be toxic to cats
• Organophosphates & permethrin
Which species of tick is known to inhabit buildings? What are some recommendations regarding removal?
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
* Remove by getting head, not body
If an owner finds lice on their child, could they have gotten it from the dog? Why or why not?
• No, Not zoonotic or reverse zoonosis (species specific)
What is unique about removal of Cuterebra?
• Removed carefully, crushing or tearing can release larval protein and can cause severe allergic reaction
What are common causes of anal gland issues? What are clinical signs?
- Allergies, seborrhea, obesity
* Scooting, excessive licking, odor, pain on sitting, swollen perianal area, dark discoloration in perianal area
