Infectious disease study guide

Question 1

What are the non-core vaccines of cats?

Answer 1

• Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), Chlamydophila felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Giardia lamblia

Question 2

What are the three stages of infection of feline leukemia virus?

Answer 2

o Abortive – Cat mounts immune response and clears infection completely (rare)
o Regressive – Cat mounts immune response to eliminate viremia but virus still exists in bone marrow – can become active later (~10%)
o Progressive – Cat is viremic, usually clinical, and serves as source of infection to other cats

Question 3

Which is the most common disease of FeLV?

Answer 3

• Neoplastic disease

Question 4

What are some clinical signs associated with feline leukemia virus?

Answer 4

• Asymptomatic, Anorexia , weight loss, Fever of unknown origin (FUO), Anemia, Vomiting/Diarrhea, Uveitis, Periodontal disease, Renal disease

Question 5

How is FeLV transmitted? What are some husbandry recommendations?

Answer 5

• FRIENDLY CAT DISEASE!: Transmitted via saliva- (grooming), via urine, mom to kitten
• Husbandry: ISOLATE FROM OTHER CATS, Keep indoors, Avoid stress, Routine care

Question 6

What are some clinical signs associated with FIV?

Answer 6

• “feline aids”
• Asymptomatic, Fever of unknown origin (FUO), Anorexia, cachexia, History of recurrent illnesses (URI) or nonresponsive ear or skin infections, Periodontal disease/gingivitis, Vomiting/Diarrhea, Anemia, Uveitis, Neurologic disorders, Neoplasia

Question 7

When should we test kittens for FIV and why? How is it transmitted?

Answer 7

• Kittens tested after 6 months

* MEAN CAT DISEASE: Transmitted mainly by outdoors males via saliva (bite wounds) possible mom to kitten (uncommon)

Question 8

What are the recommendations associated with FIV vaccination?

Answer 8

• VACCINATIONS RESULT IN TESTING POSITIVE FOR FIV

o Microchip vaccinated cats

Question 9

What type of virus is FIP?

Answer 9

• Feline coronavirus

Question 10

How does FIP manifest in cats ( ie clinical signs?)

Answer 10

• Wet form (75%)
o Ascites, pleural effusion, Poor hair coat, Stunted growth, Chronic fever, Jaundice, Depression, Weight loss, Dehydration, death (younger cats)
• Dry form (25%)
o FUO, Anorexia, Depression, Weight loss, Jaundice, Ocular changes, Neurologic signs, death (older cats)

Question 11

How is FIP transmitted? What are some ways to test for it?

Answer 11

• Transmission: Fecal-oral route
o Direct contact – grooming
• Requires combination of diagnostics
o – no single good test

Question 12

What type of damage does parvo do in the dog’s body?

Answer 12

• Damage to intestinal villi, Bone marrow suppression (Septicemia), Glucose and electrolyte depletion, Dehydration and sepsis

Question 13

What are clinical signs of parvo in a dog?

Answer 13

• Acute onset, Depression, lethargy, Vomiting, Acute diarrhea (usually hemorrhagic), Anorexia, Dehydration, Fever

Question 14

How is parvo diagnosed? What is unique about transmission?

Answer 14

• ELISA Parvovirus Antigen test

* Highly contagious! Can survive in environment for weeks to months, resistant to general disinfectants

Question 15

Which animals do we generally see with distemper virus?

Answer 15

• Young (3-6 mo.) unvaccinated dogs

Question 16

What are some clinical signs and sequela associated with distemper virus?

Answer 16

• vomiting and diarrhea, Then respiratory signs develop, Finally, neurological signs
• Sequela: Enamel hypoplasia, Head tilt, Tremors, “old dog encephalitis”, Hyperkeratosis of nasal planum and foot pads (“hard pad” disease

Question 17

What is the difference between CAV-1 and CAV-2?

Answer 17

• Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)* Canine infectious Hepatitis* Different from CAV-2 (tracheobronchitis)

Question 18

What are the most common clinical signs associated with CAV-1? How can we prevent CAV-1?

Answer 18

• Acute onset & sudden death, Fever, enlarged cervical LN, hepatomegaly, Icterus and ascites, Anterior uveitis and corneal edema (“blue eye”) are hallmark signs but occurs later in infection, Coagulopathies, CNS signs
• Vaccination