Zoonoses in Exotic Species Flashcards
approximately ___% of emerging pathogens come from animals
75%
large amount come from exotic pets and wildlife
characteristics of salmonellosis
Salmonella spp.
gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
2 species of Salmonella spp.
S. enterica
S. bongori
one of the most common infectious FBIs
Salmonellosis
most common exotic animal reservoirs of Salmonellosis
Reptiles, birds, sugar gliders, hedgehogs, rodents
shed intermittently in feces, may be present in oral cavity
T/F clinical signs of Salmonellosis is rare
T
Diagnosis of Salmonellosis
- culture (feces/blood)
- PCR
- serology
should prophylactic txt of exotic pets with Salmonellosis be performed
no, only treat IF they have clinical disease, treat based on culture and sensitivity, provide supportive care
infectious agent of Chlamydiosis
Chlamydia psittaci (obligate intracellular bacteria, gram negative)
in mammals/reptiles: C. abortus, C. pneumoniae
life cycle of Chlamydiosis
infectious elementary body invades cells and transforms into a reticulate body (non infectious), replicates, then goes back to elementary body
good at immune evasion
Exposure of Chlamydiosis
direct or indirectly by birds, mainly chicken, raptors, pigeons, seabirds
Contaminated bedding, dust, dander, feces
Aerosolized and ingested
clinical signs of Chlamydiosis in animals
range greatly from asymptomatic to acute or chronic
respiratory signs, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, lethargy, anorexia main ones
Chlamydiosis clinical signs in humans
usually mild
flu-like symptoms, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, fever
Diagnosis of Chlamydiosis
identification of cytoplasmic elementary body
PCR (choanal/conjunctival/cloacal swabs)
culture
serology
Treatment of C. psittaci (Chlamydiosis) in birds
doxycycline for 45 days (b/c of lifecycle)
is C.psittaci reportable in AZ
yes
Chlamydiosis prevention
PPE, quarantine testing, good hygiene, performing necropsies in flow hood or wear PPE
Mycobacteriosis cause…
granulomas
non-tuberculous mycobacteria that is NOT usually spread b/w people
M. manrinum (fish handler’s disease)
is M. tuberculosis a reportable disease
yes
characteristics of mycobacterial spp.
aerobic
acid-fast rod
widespread in env
cause of systemic granulomatous disease
Methods of exposure to M. marinum (mycobacteriosis)
- direct contact w/ contaminated water sources or infected fish
- enters by skin injury or ext. parasites
- viable in env for 2+ years
Methods of exposure to M. tuberculosis (mycobacteriosis)
- aerosol of infectious material
- worldwide
- most common exotic species (elephants+primates)
Clinical signs of M. marinum in fish
variable from no signs to chronic
weight loss, anorexia, lethargy
cutaneous and or systemic granulomas
clinical signs of M. tuberculosis in exotic species
- variable
- chronic weight loss
- excessive discharge from trunk/resp
Primates: rough coat, cough, lethargy, lymphadenopathy
signs of M. marinum in humans
typically cutaneous (ulcer, abscess, granuloma)
systemic dz is rare