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PUBLIC HEALTH > WEEK ONE > Flashcards

WEEK ONE Flashcards

1
Q

what is a zoonotic disease

A

a disease communicable b/w humans and animals under natural conditions
- both way transmission
- can be direct or indirect

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2
Q

examples of direct zoonoses

A
  • rabies
  • intestinal parasites
  • psittacosis
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3
Q

examples of indirect zoonoses

A
  • RMSF (tick vector)
  • west nile encephalitis (mosquito vector)
  • chagas disease
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4
Q

what is health

A

state of COMPLETE physical, mental and social well-being. not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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5
Q

what is the essence of public health

A

to maximize benefits for the highest number of people while protecting individual rights

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6
Q

what is market justice

A
  • individual responsibility
  • minimal obligation to the common good
  • fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left alone
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7
Q

what is social justice

A

minimal levels of income, basic housing, employment, education and health care as fundamental rights

preventable death and disability ought to be minimized

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8
Q

what are the 6 domains of veterinary public health contributions

A
  • diagnosis
  • surveillance
  • epidemiology
  • control
  • prevention
  • elimination of zoonotic diseases
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9
Q

what does the FDA regulate

A

all food and food ingredients introduced into or offered for sale in interstate commerce EXCEPT meat, poultry and certain egg products

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10
Q

who regulates animal drugs, feeds and veterinary devices

A

FDA’s center for veterinary medicine

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11
Q

who regulates animal vaccines and biologics

A

USDA

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12
Q

who regulates pesticides

A

EPA

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13
Q

who regulates topically applied Flea and Tick preventatives

A

EPA b/c considered a pesticide

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14
Q

who regulates heartworm prevention

A

FDA

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15
Q

who regulates orally administered flea control products

A

FDA

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16
Q

most insecticides are subject to the federal insecticide, fungicide and rodenticide act, administered by the …?

A

EPA

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17
Q

what is the FSIS

A

food safety and inspection services
protects public from foodborne illness and ensures meat, poultry and egg products are safe, wholesome and correctly packaged

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18
Q

What is APHIS

A

animal and plant health inspection

  • addresses animal welfare, biotechnology, wildlife damage and global trade
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19
Q

what is the state veterinarian responsible for

A

directly protecting livestock, poultry and aquaculture industries of the state

indirectly protecting the public through the prevention, early detection, containment and eradication of economically important livestock, poultry, and fish diseases

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20
Q

who is the AZ state veterinarian

A

DR. Ryan Wolker

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21
Q

what is the role of state public health veterinarians

A

zoonotic disease control and prevention, directly focusing on protecting public health

typically are in the health dept divisions of epidemiology, toxicology or environmental health

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22
Q

who do state public health veterinarians work for

A

state health department

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23
Q

who do state veterinarians work for

A

state agriculture department

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24
Q

what is the main difference b/w state veterinarian and state public health veterinarian

A

SV: primarily target livestock diseases and industry

SPHV: work primarily in zoonotic disease control and prevention

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25
Q

what is the role of the national association of state public health veterinarians

A

NASPHV helps direct and develop public health procedures involving zoonotic disease in the US

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26
Q

what is the role of the US House Veterinary Medicine Claus (founded 2017)

A

Provides a forum to keep members informed about the opportunities and challenges facing veterinary medicine

helps increase awareness of the importance of veterinary medicine on research, public health, animal health and
welfare, food safety, and the overall economy

helps introduce key legislation that impacts vet med

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27
Q

what is the role of the US Senate VetMed Caucus

A

founded in 2023

created to inform public policy that recognizes the role of vets in all forms of clinical and non-clinical roles

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28
Q

what is considered a reportable and notifiable disease

A

usually infectious and communicable diseases that may endanger a population

animal diseases of great economic importance

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29
Q

what organization maintains a list of reportable diseases

A

World Organization For Animal Health Reportable Diseases

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30
Q

what agencies to AZ vets have to report potential zoonotic diseases to

A

AZ dept of Agriculture
AZ game and fish dept
AZ dept of health services
Veterinary Official (VO)
State Animal Health Ofifcial (SHO)

31
Q

what agencies do all vets have to report potential communicable zoonotic diseases to

A

Veterinary Official (VO) and the State Animal Health Ofifcial (SHO)

32
Q

10 greatest public health achievements

A
  1. immunizations
  2. motor vehicle safety
  3. workplace safety
  4. infectious disease control
  5. declines in death (heart and stroke)
  6. safer and healthier food
  7. healthier moms and babies
  8. family planning
  9. water fluorination
  10. tobacco control
33
Q

what does estimating life expectancy take into account

A

predicting the probability of surviving successive years of life

based on observed age specific mortality rates

34
Q

who tf is Austin Bradford Hill

A
  • english epidemiologist + statistician
  • pioneered the randomized clinical trial
  • along w/ Dr. Richard Doll, showed connection b/w cig smoking and lung cancer

“Bradford Hill” criteria for determining casual association

35
Q

what is the #1 killer of people of all ages

A

cardiovascular disease

36
Q

Differences in health outcomes that are systematic, avoidable or unjust

A

health INEQUITIES

37
Q

differences in health outcomes b/w groups within a population

A

health disparities

38
Q

what are some factors that lead to health disparities

A
  • poverty
  • env threats
  • inadequate access to health care
  • individual and behavioral factors
  • educational inequalities
39
Q

what has the most profound effect on health disparities

A

access to care through stable health insurance coverage

40
Q

what are the 5 domains of social determinants of health

A
  • Economic stability
  • education access and quality
  • health care access and quality
  • neighborhood / environment
  • social and community context
41
Q

____ in 10 ppl live in poverty in the US

A

1 in 10

42
Q

People with steady _______ are less likely to live in poverty and more likely to be healthy

A

employment

43
Q

People with higher levels of _______are more likely to be healthier and live longer

A

education

44
Q

what is AZPHA and what does it do

A

Arizona public health association

  • takes position on policy issues and ballot propositions that impact public health
45
Q

in US what are some leading causes of death and disability

A

heart disease
cancer
chronic lung disease
stroke
alzheimers
diabetes
chronic kidney disease

46
Q

what is the current biggest health threat facing humanity

A

climate change

47
Q

What are the 3 levels of prevention strategies

A
  • primary: avoids development of a disease, removes risk factor

(Disease onset)

  • secondary: early detection treatment, prevent progression

(Clinical diagnosis)

  • tertiary: reduce complications of established disease
48
Q

Most common hazards in vet workplace

A
  • animal inflicted injuries
  • exposure to hazardous chemicals
  • back injurie
  • exposure to radiation or waste anesthetics
  • injuries from violence
49
Q

What is PLIT

A

Professional Liability Business and Personal Insurance for vets from the AVMA

50
Q

5 commonly observed safety RISKS

A
  • mishandling of hazardous material
  • slips, falls
  • lack of formal safety program
  • inadquate bite prevention
  • poor ergonomics
51
Q

what organization created the compendium of animal rabies prevention and control

A

National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV)

52
Q

in AZ, what gov departments do reportable diseases have to be reported to

A

ADA (Agriculture)
AGFD (Game and Fish)
ADHS (Health Services)

53
Q

what gov’t organizations must be made aware of reportable diseases?

A

veterinary official
state animal health official

54
Q

known, avoidable environmental risks cause how many deaths/diseases worldwide per year

A

13 million, makes up about 1/4 of all death / disease burden

55
Q

inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene and unsafe water cause about how many deaths per year?

A

800,000

56
Q

how many workers die per year on average due to unsafe working conditions

A

more than one million

57
Q

what groups of people are being harmed first and the worst by the climate crisis?

A

the people who contribute the least to climate change, low income and disadvantaged countries

58
Q

how many years of development, global health and poverty reduction does climate change threaten to undo

A

50 years

59
Q

between 2030-2050, climate change is predicted to cause an additional _______ deaths from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and heat stroke alone

A

250,000

60
Q

direct damage costs caused by climate change is expected to cost the US $____ - _____ billion per year

A

2-4 BILLION

61
Q

evidence that climate change affects health

A
  • Climate change affects the transmission season for diseases such as malaria
  • Leads to increased malnutrition
  • increased number of people suffering from extreme weather events
  • Cardio-respiratory disease related to air quality
  • Changes in infectious disease vectors
  • Decrease in cold-related deaths
62
Q

how many people does malaria kill per year (africa, asian, latin america)

A

one million

63
Q

climate changes affects on plants

A
  • Health of plants directly related to drought/rainfall
  • Increasing temperatures may alter the suitability of regions for particular crops and extreme weather
    evens may have severe and unpredictable effects on harvests
  • Climate influences the spread of pests and pathogens
  • Can lead to increased use of fungicides and pesticides
64
Q

of the top 6 staple calorie crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane, maize, soybean and potatoes) which 3 are most threatened by emerging fungal pathogens

A

potatoes, soybean, wheat

65
Q

what is the role of the Federal Select Agent Program

A

(CDC+ USDAs APHIS) oversees the possession, use and transfer of certain biologic agents and toxins that have the potential to pose severe threats to public, animal, or plant health

66
Q

who is responsible for conducting investigations and prosecutions relating to cases of cruelty to animals

A

Office of the State Veterinarian

67
Q

what organization is responsible for the: VET MED Act, Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program Enhancement Act and the One Health Act

A

the US House VetMed Caucus

68
Q

what is the veterinary caucus created to inform public policy that recognizes the crucial roles of veterinarians in all forms of clinical practice and in non-clinical roles
ex:
- Federal inspection of meat and poultry products
- Translational research benefitting both humans and animals
- Animal and zoonotic disease prevention, detection, and response

A

US State VetMed Caucus (founded 2023)

69
Q

The _______ assists the AVMA Board of Directors in formulating and implementing AVMA legislative policy and positions on federal regulatory proposals

A

Legislative Advisory Committee (LAC)

70
Q

Known avoidable environmental risks cause about ________ of all deaths and disease burden
worldwide, amounting to at least _____million deaths each year

A

1/4th, 13million

71
Q

Air pollution, one of the largest risks to health, causes ______ million preventable deaths per year

A

7 million

72
Q

More than half the world’s population is still exposed to unsafely managed water, inadequate
sanitation and poor hygiene, resulting in more than ________ preventable deaths each year

A

800,000

73
Q
A

PUBLIC HEALTH (18 decks)

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