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PUBLIC HEALTH > Livestock associated Zoonoses > Flashcards

Livestock associated Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

Anthrax is from the bacterium…

A

Bacillus anthracis
found in soil

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2
Q

anthrax primarily affects

A

ruminants
usually found dead without clinical signs

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3
Q

clinical signs of anthrax in animals

A

fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dypsnea, depression, convulsions

pigs tend to have edema of head

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4
Q

control of anthrax in animals

A

vaccinate in endemic areas
quarantine
hygiene and proper carcass disposal
don’t open carcass if disease suspected

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5
Q

anthrax in humans

A

get infected when in contact w/ infected tissues or animal products
* not contagious

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6
Q

3 forms of anthrax transmission

A

Inhalation - Respiratory form
Ingestion - GI form
Contact w/ skin wounds - Cutaneous form

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7
Q

anthrax prevention in humans

A

cases are v. rare in US
human vaccine exists but only for military
precautions when handling suspect tissues or animals
control of imported meats/animal pdts

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8
Q

importation of animal hides in US has been associated w/…

A

anthrax

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9
Q

Bovine tuberculosis comes from

A

Mycobacterium bovis

occurs worldwide
primarily a disease of cattle

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10
Q

Bovine tuberculosis transmission

A

via respiratory route or ingestion
most animals are dead-end hosts
some animal reservoirs: deer in US, opossums in NZ, badgers in UK, Bison in Can

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11
Q

Clinical signs of Bovine TB

A

primarily affects the respiratory system and associated LNs
can be disseminated to other organs

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12
Q

Bovine TB control in animals

A

eradication program established in 1917 in US
- routine testing in dairy cattle
- postmortem inspection
- contact tracing

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13
Q

TB in humans is mostly caused by what virus

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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14
Q

people most often get infected w/ M.bovis how

A

eating / drinking unpasteurized dairy products
direct contact w/ wound

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15
Q

___out of the 9 Brucella species can infect humans

A

5

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16
Q

what is the most pathogenic and invasive Brucella species for humans

A
  • B. melitensis (from small ruminants)
    B. suis (pigs)
    B. abortus (cattle)
    B. canis (dogs)
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17
Q

clinical signs of Brucellosis in animals

A

infertility
abortions
epididymitis

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18
Q

control of brucellosis in animals

A

vaccination of cattle
testing and culling

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19
Q

brucellosis is usually referred to as a fever of ____origin in humans

A

unknown
can be confused w/ other diseases

person to person transmission rarely occurs

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20
Q

control of Brucellosis in people

A

training of personnel on handling livestock abortions (proper PPE and disposal)
training of personnel on proper vaccine techniques

21
Q

disease whose vaccine can cause the disease in humans

A

Brucellosis

22
Q

Cryptosporidiosis comes from…

A

coccidian parasite, cryptosporidium

23
Q

Cryptosporidiosis in animals is often caused by what species

A

C. parvum

typically a disease of dairy calves or lambs

24
Q

Cryptosporidiosis transmission and symptoms in calves

A

transmission is by ingestion of oocysts
D+ in neonatal calves
C. parvum is ubiquitous on US dairy farms

25
Q

number on cause of D+ in dairy calves in the US

A

Cryptosporidiosis Parvum (C. parvum)

26
Q

Cryptosporidiosis prevention in calves

A

no specific txt
disinfection
ensuring passive transfer of immunity? colostrum?

27
Q

Cryptosporidiosis strain in humans

A

C. hominis (human-adapted species) and C. parvum

28
Q

C. hominis and C. parvum symptoms in people

A

D+
may be fatal in immunocompromised people
outbreaks occur in daycares, pools and contaminated potable water

29
Q

Cryptosporidiosis control in humans

A

hygiene
PPE to prevent occupational exposure (disease common among vet students)
use of proper disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, NOT alcohol)

30
Q

what bacterium causes Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii
naturally infects sheep, goats, cattle

31
Q

bacterium that is shed in birth products (placenta, amniotic fluid), urine, feces and milk of infected animal

A

C. burnetti (Q fever)

32
Q

Q fever in humans

A

people can get infected by breathing in dust that has been contaminated by infected animal feces, urine, milk, birth products

some people never get sick but those who do get flu like symptoms

33
Q

pregnant women infected w/ this disease may be at risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery, low birth weight

A

Q fever

34
Q

Q fever control

A

avoid contact w/ animals esp ones close to parturition
don’t consume raw milk / milk pdts

35
Q

Q fever is a notifiable disease where

A

all states

36
Q

Contagious ectherma (Orf) comes from what organism

A

parapoxvirus (poxvirus)
usually disease of sheep and goats

37
Q

what does Orf effect

A

mucocutaneous junction of mouth in lambs and goats
can also affect teats

38
Q

T/F: Orf is usually self limiting

A

T
but if virulent, causes death

39
Q

what causes Orf in humans

A

contamination of wounds when in contact w/ infected tissue, animals or formites

40
Q

Orf prevention in animals

A

commercial vaccine (might not be effective..)

41
Q

Orf prevention in humans

A

PPE

42
Q

Leptospirosis is caused by what bacterium

A

Leptospira
affects mult. animal species

43
Q

what strains of lepto infect cattle

A

L. hardjo, pomona, canicola, lcterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa

44
Q

lepto signs in cattle

A

abortions
blood tinged urine
blood in milk
infertility, early embryonic death
acute deaths (uncommon)

45
Q

lepto control in animals

A

vaccines, minimize access to wildlife

46
Q

humans can be infected w/ lepto through…

A

contact w/ urine (or other body fluids except saliva) of infected animals
contact w/ water, soil, food contaminated w/ urine of infected animal

47
Q

clinical signs of lepto in humans

A

high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, jaundice, red eyes

48
Q

lepto prevention in humans

A

avoid contact w/ soil or animals that are potentially infected
PPE

PUBLIC HEALTH (18 decks)

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