Livestock associated Zoonoses Flashcards
Anthrax is from the bacterium…
Bacillus anthracis
found in soil
anthrax primarily affects
ruminants
usually found dead without clinical signs
clinical signs of anthrax in animals
fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dypsnea, depression, convulsions
pigs tend to have edema of head
control of anthrax in animals
vaccinate in endemic areas
quarantine
hygiene and proper carcass disposal
don’t open carcass if disease suspected
anthrax in humans
get infected when in contact w/ infected tissues or animal products
* not contagious
3 forms of anthrax transmission
Inhalation - Respiratory form
Ingestion - GI form
Contact w/ skin wounds - Cutaneous form
anthrax prevention in humans
cases are v. rare in US
human vaccine exists but only for military
precautions when handling suspect tissues or animals
control of imported meats/animal pdts
importation of animal hides in US has been associated w/…
anthrax
Bovine tuberculosis comes from
Mycobacterium bovis
occurs worldwide
primarily a disease of cattle
Bovine tuberculosis transmission
via respiratory route or ingestion
most animals are dead-end hosts
some animal reservoirs: deer in US, opossums in NZ, badgers in UK, Bison in Can
Clinical signs of Bovine TB
primarily affects the respiratory system and associated LNs
can be disseminated to other organs
Bovine TB control in animals
eradication program established in 1917 in US
- routine testing in dairy cattle
- postmortem inspection
- contact tracing
TB in humans is mostly caused by what virus
mycobacterium tuberculosis
people most often get infected w/ M.bovis how
eating / drinking unpasteurized dairy products
direct contact w/ wound
___out of the 9 Brucella species can infect humans
5
what is the most pathogenic and invasive Brucella species for humans
- B. melitensis (from small ruminants)
B. suis (pigs)
B. abortus (cattle)
B. canis (dogs)
clinical signs of Brucellosis in animals
infertility
abortions
epididymitis
control of brucellosis in animals
vaccination of cattle
testing and culling
brucellosis is usually referred to as a fever of ____origin in humans
unknown
can be confused w/ other diseases
person to person transmission rarely occurs
control of Brucellosis in people
training of personnel on handling livestock abortions (proper PPE and disposal)
training of personnel on proper vaccine techniques
disease whose vaccine can cause the disease in humans
Brucellosis
Cryptosporidiosis comes from…
coccidian parasite, cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidiosis in animals is often caused by what species
C. parvum
typically a disease of dairy calves or lambs
Cryptosporidiosis transmission and symptoms in calves
transmission is by ingestion of oocysts
D+ in neonatal calves
C. parvum is ubiquitous on US dairy farms
number on cause of D+ in dairy calves in the US
Cryptosporidiosis Parvum (C. parvum)
Cryptosporidiosis prevention in calves
no specific txt
disinfection
ensuring passive transfer of immunity? colostrum?
Cryptosporidiosis strain in humans
C. hominis (human-adapted species) and C. parvum
C. hominis and C. parvum symptoms in people
D+
may be fatal in immunocompromised people
outbreaks occur in daycares, pools and contaminated potable water
Cryptosporidiosis control in humans
hygiene
PPE to prevent occupational exposure (disease common among vet students)
use of proper disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, NOT alcohol)
what bacterium causes Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
naturally infects sheep, goats, cattle
bacterium that is shed in birth products (placenta, amniotic fluid), urine, feces and milk of infected animal
C. burnetti (Q fever)
Q fever in humans
people can get infected by breathing in dust that has been contaminated by infected animal feces, urine, milk, birth products
some people never get sick but those who do get flu like symptoms
pregnant women infected w/ this disease may be at risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery, low birth weight
Q fever
Q fever control
avoid contact w/ animals esp ones close to parturition
don’t consume raw milk / milk pdts
Q fever is a notifiable disease where
all states
Contagious ectherma (Orf) comes from what organism
parapoxvirus (poxvirus)
usually disease of sheep and goats
what does Orf effect
mucocutaneous junction of mouth in lambs and goats
can also affect teats
T/F: Orf is usually self limiting
T
but if virulent, causes death
what causes Orf in humans
contamination of wounds when in contact w/ infected tissue, animals or formites
Orf prevention in animals
commercial vaccine (might not be effective..)
Orf prevention in humans
PPE
Leptospirosis is caused by what bacterium
Leptospira
affects mult. animal species
what strains of lepto infect cattle
L. hardjo, pomona, canicola, lcterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa
lepto signs in cattle
abortions
blood tinged urine
blood in milk
infertility, early embryonic death
acute deaths (uncommon)
lepto control in animals
vaccines, minimize access to wildlife
humans can be infected w/ lepto through…
contact w/ urine (or other body fluids except saliva) of infected animals
contact w/ water, soil, food contaminated w/ urine of infected animal
clinical signs of lepto in humans
high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, jaundice, red eyes
lepto prevention in humans
avoid contact w/ soil or animals that are potentially infected
PPE
