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PUBLIC HEALTH > WEEK TWO > Flashcards

WEEK TWO Flashcards

1
Q

What is PLIT

A

Professional, Liability, Business, Personal insurance for vets from AVMA

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2
Q

What is NIOSH

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- part of CDC
- Veterinary Safety and Health section

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3
Q

What website has resources to identify and address the priority veterinary workplace safety and health hazards

A

NIOSH Vet Safety and Health Section

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of controls

A

Elimination - physically remove the hazard
Substitution - replace the hazard
Engineering - isolate people from the hazard
Administrative - change the way people work
PPE - protect worker with PPE

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5
Q

What tiers of the hierarchy of controls are the most difficult to adopt into an existing process and are best used at the design or development stage?

A

Elimination and substitution

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6
Q

What do engineering controls do

A

Reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact w/ workers

Ex: modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, etc

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7
Q

what do administrative controls do

A

Establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency and intensity of exposure to hazards
- ex: training, job rotation, ensuring adequate breaks, etc

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8
Q

Why is PPE at the bottom of the hierarchy of controls

A
  • PPE is subject to human frailty. It requires correct and consistent use
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9
Q

Top 10 veterinary OSHA violations

A
  1. Hazard Communication Program
  2. Certification of PPE Assesment
  3. Fire and Emergency plans
  4. Employee training documentation
  5. MSDS
  6. Appropriate PPE
  7. Chemical Labeling
  8. OSHA Forms
  9. Human food in unsafe areas
  10. Waste anesthetic gases
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10
Q

What is defined as medical waste

A

EPA: “any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals…”

  • needles and syringes
  • used bandages and gloves
  • animal tissue
  • blood / feces
  • meds
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11
Q

What is Regulated Medical Waste (RMW)

A
  • subset of medical waste that “poses a significant risk of transmitting infection to people”

Typically includes:

sharp wastes (needles, syringes w/ attached needles, suture needles, scalpels)

Animal bodies, bedding and related waste when animals are infected with organisms likely to be pathogenic to human health

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12
Q

Non-infectious animal tissues would be considered what waste type

A

Biomedical waste, can be put into regular solid waste stream

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13
Q

What is considered bio hazardous medical waste

A
  • cultures and stocks generated in the diagnosis, txt, or immunization of animals in the production / eating of biologicals
  • medical sharps
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14
Q

What are the 2 ways medical sharps can be handled

A
  1. Generator (the hospital) treats bio hazardous waste on site
  2. Generator ships the waste off site fo txt
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15
Q

When would syringes NOT need to be placed in sharps bin

A
  • if they are not composed on biohazardous waste and don’t contain discarded drugs or regulated substances
  • if they never had a needle attached
  • needle has been removed
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16
Q

Where can a sharps contained not be placed

A

In areas that are used to store food or medical supplies

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17
Q

How long can biohazardous medical waste be stored

A

90 days or less

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18
Q

Hazardous waste characteristics

A
  • ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity , toxicity
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19
Q

What category of waste is the sharps container if:

You dispose a needle that was used to give IV fluids into sharps container

A

Biohazardous medical waste

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20
Q

What category of waste is the IV line if…
A pharmaceutical listed as hazardous waste is being given and during the process, the IV line is contaminated w/ blood

A

Biomedical waste

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21
Q

What category of waste is the sharps container if you dispose of an IV line in it

A

Biomedical waste

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22
Q

What is VETCA

A

Vet Compliance Assistance
- funded by the EPA
- provides pollution prevention and compliance assistance information

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23
Q

What substances are categorized as Biological Substance, Category A

A
  • materials known to contain certain etiologic agents
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24
Q

What substances are categorized as Bio Substance, Category B?

A
  • excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissues, fluids, etc which the shipper believes MAY contain an etiologic agent that is being shipped for the PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSIS or INVESTIGATION
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25
Q

What is an etiologic agent

A

An infectious substance transported in a form which, when exposure occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability or a life threatening / fatal disease to humans or animals

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26
Q

what biological substance category would confirmed cultures of organisms such as Bacillus anthrasis, Brucella abortus, Chlamydia psittacisme or Eastern equine encephalitis virus

A

Category A

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27
Q

What biological substance category would samples that are suspicious for organisms such as lepto or suspected but not confirmed cases of category A infectious substances

A

Category B

28
Q

What is exempt from classification as category A or B bio substance

A

Materials that don’t contain an infectious substance or that is unlikely to cause disease in humans / animals

  • samples collected for routine testing, not related to the diagnosis of an infectious diasease
  • blood chemistries, diagnosis of non-infectious disease like cancer biopsies
29
Q

What category of biological waste requires specific formal training and documentation on the shipping process

A

Category A

30
Q

How do you treat carcasses to prevent secondary poisoning from pentobarbital

A

Incinerate or cremate
Immediately bury deeply based on local laws/ regulations

  • rendering is not acceptable and composting leaves residues
31
Q

What organization provides guidelines for the depopulation of animals

A

AVMA

32
Q

What are some facts that increase the risk of disease in disaster

A
  • animal stress
    -overcrowding
  • increment weather conditions
  • exposure to wildlife
    Etc
33
Q

General mitigation / prevention protocols in disaster

A
  • clean water
  • provision of safe food
  • wash hands
  • prompt feces disposal
  • animal bite prevention
  • prevent contact w/ wild animals
  • prompt carcass disposal
34
Q

Main zoonotic diseases in disasters

A
  • anthrax
  • avian flu
  • brucellosis
  • hantavirus
  • plague
  • rabies
  • tuberculosis
  • tularemia
  • west Nile
35
Q

Organisms that occur naturally in animal but pose hazard to people handling animal carcasses

A
  • clostridia
  • cryptosporidium
  • Escherichia coil
  • giardia
  • listeria
  • salmonella
36
Q

Considerations to keep in mind for euthanasia

A
  • methods / drug type
  • rendering
  • risk to wildlife
37
Q

What are the main methods of carcass disposal

A
  • burial
  • incineration
  • composting
  • rendering
  • alkaline hydrolysis
38
Q

Burial considerations to be aware of

A
  • topography
  • soil type
  • slope
  • flood plains
  • property lines
  • proximity of bodies to water / drinking wells
39
Q

Types of incineration

A

Open air burning
Air curtain incineration
Fixed facility incineration (crematorium)

40
Q

What is alkaline hydrolysis

A

Uses heat, pressure, time and an alkali catalyst to hydrolyse biological materials into peptides, proteins, sugars, soaps

41
Q

What is community engagement

A

Process of enabling conversations and building relationships b/w people who have a role or interest in an issue in their community

42
Q

What are some barriers to increasing levels of community participation

A

Limited time
Restricted budgets
Differing social status b/w stakeholders

43
Q

What is co-option

A

Token representatives are chosen but have no real input or power

44
Q

What is compliance and informing

A

Tasks are assigned w/ incentives, outsiders decide the agenda and directing the process

45
Q

What is consultation

A

Local options are sought, with outsiders analyzing and deciding on a course of action

46
Q

What is cooperation

A

Local people work together w/ outsiders to determine priorities, w/ the rest of the responsibility for directing the process remaining w/ outsiders

47
Q

What is co-learning

A

Local people and outsiders share their knowledge to create new understanding and work together to form action plans, w/ outsider facilitation

OR

Locals representing several stakeholders set their own agenda and mobilize to carry it out without outside facilitation

48
Q

What is a workshop

A

A single, short educational program to teach or introduce skills, techniques or ideas

49
Q

Common features of workshops

A
  • small (6-15 people)
  • conducted by people with experience in the subject
  • often participatory
  • informal, discussion based
  • time limited (single session)
  • self contained
50
Q

When is a good time to conduct a workshop?

A
  • a the beginning of something new
  • initial training of staff / volunteers
  • the in-service or ongoing training of staff / volunteers
  • to demonstrate a new concept
  • explain something new to public
51
Q

3 phases of a workshop

A
  • planning (delivery)
  • prep (logistics)
  • implementation
52
Q

What is the most important consideration when planning a workshop

A

Your audience

53
Q

What is an ideal workshop size

A

8-12

Groups smaller than 6-8 may not have enough opinions/questions/ideas

More than 15 may make it had to hear from everyone

54
Q

What are typical lengths of workshops

A

Short (45-90 min) good for introducing or discussing a new concept, not helpful for skills

Medium (90 min - 3 hrs) can address ideas and concepts in some depth and teach some skill

Long (3+ hours) can present ideas/concepts in great detail and conduct several activities

6 hour workshop is max

55
Q

What should the reading level of workshop materials be

A

8th grade or less

56
Q

What is the purpose of ICAM (international companion anima management control)

A

Formed to support the development and use of humane and effective companion animal population management worldwide

They publish guidance for use by government, NGOs and IGOs

57
Q

Who does ICAM believe is responsible for animal population management

A

ICAM believes that legal and fiscal responsibility for animal pop. Management resides with local and central government

58
Q

What is the goal of dog population management

A

Improvement in dog welfare alongside benefits for public and environmental health

DPM aims to have a sustained influence on the processes within dog population dynamics to change sub-populations in a targeted way

59
Q

What are dog population dynamics

A

The different sub-populations of dogs that interact to form the whole dog population

  • considers the process of births, deaths and reproduction to account for how dogs Exeter/leave the population
60
Q

DPM is not considered humane if…

A
  • it includes the indiscriminate killing of dogs, killing roaming dogs, or uses killing as the sole measure of population management
61
Q

Why is focusing only on the roaming dog population an ineffective form of DPM

A

Doesn’t address the source of these dogs

62
Q

What are the principles of DPM

A
  • humane and ethical
  • adapted to local dog population dynamics
  • sustained and adaptive
  • evidence based design monitoring and evaluation
  • focuses on root causes
63
Q

Why can sterilization briefly cause an increase in population sizes

A
  • sterilized dogs live longer
64
Q

What should basic health care for dogs include

A
  • preventative care (vaccines and deworming)
  • txt of health problems
  • ending suffering
65
Q

changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool is what hierarchy of control

A

elimination

66
Q

modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more is what hierarchy of control

A

engineering

67
Q

establishing work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards
This may include: Work process training, job rotation, ensuring adequate rest breaks

is what hierarchy of control

A

administrative

PUBLIC HEALTH (18 decks)

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