WEEK TWO Flashcards
What is PLIT
Professional, Liability, Business, Personal insurance for vets from AVMA
What is NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- part of CDC
- Veterinary Safety and Health section
What website has resources to identify and address the priority veterinary workplace safety and health hazards
NIOSH Vet Safety and Health Section
What is the hierarchy of controls
Elimination - physically remove the hazard
Substitution - replace the hazard
Engineering - isolate people from the hazard
Administrative - change the way people work
PPE - protect worker with PPE
What tiers of the hierarchy of controls are the most difficult to adopt into an existing process and are best used at the design or development stage?
Elimination and substitution
What do engineering controls do
Reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact w/ workers
Ex: modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, etc
what do administrative controls do
Establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency and intensity of exposure to hazards
- ex: training, job rotation, ensuring adequate breaks, etc
Why is PPE at the bottom of the hierarchy of controls
- PPE is subject to human frailty. It requires correct and consistent use
Top 10 veterinary OSHA violations
- Hazard Communication Program
- Certification of PPE Assesment
- Fire and Emergency plans
- Employee training documentation
- MSDS
- Appropriate PPE
- Chemical Labeling
- OSHA Forms
- Human food in unsafe areas
- Waste anesthetic gases
What is defined as medical waste
EPA: “any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals…”
- needles and syringes
- used bandages and gloves
- animal tissue
- blood / feces
- meds
What is Regulated Medical Waste (RMW)
- subset of medical waste that “poses a significant risk of transmitting infection to people”
Typically includes:
sharp wastes (needles, syringes w/ attached needles, suture needles, scalpels)
Animal bodies, bedding and related waste when animals are infected with organisms likely to be pathogenic to human health
Non-infectious animal tissues would be considered what waste type
Biomedical waste, can be put into regular solid waste stream
What is considered bio hazardous medical waste
- cultures and stocks generated in the diagnosis, txt, or immunization of animals in the production / eating of biologicals
- medical sharps
What are the 2 ways medical sharps can be handled
- Generator (the hospital) treats bio hazardous waste on site
- Generator ships the waste off site fo txt
When would syringes NOT need to be placed in sharps bin
- if they are not composed on biohazardous waste and don’t contain discarded drugs or regulated substances
- if they never had a needle attached
- needle has been removed
Where can a sharps contained not be placed
In areas that are used to store food or medical supplies
How long can biohazardous medical waste be stored
90 days or less
Hazardous waste characteristics
- ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity , toxicity
What category of waste is the sharps container if:
You dispose a needle that was used to give IV fluids into sharps container
Biohazardous medical waste
What category of waste is the IV line if…
A pharmaceutical listed as hazardous waste is being given and during the process, the IV line is contaminated w/ blood
Biomedical waste
What category of waste is the sharps container if you dispose of an IV line in it
Biomedical waste
What is VETCA
Vet Compliance Assistance
- funded by the EPA
- provides pollution prevention and compliance assistance information
What substances are categorized as Biological Substance, Category A
- materials known to contain certain etiologic agents
What substances are categorized as Bio Substance, Category B?
- excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissues, fluids, etc which the shipper believes MAY contain an etiologic agent that is being shipped for the PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSIS or INVESTIGATION
What is an etiologic agent
An infectious substance transported in a form which, when exposure occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability or a life threatening / fatal disease to humans or animals
what biological substance category would confirmed cultures of organisms such as Bacillus anthrasis, Brucella abortus, Chlamydia psittacisme or Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Category A
What biological substance category would samples that are suspicious for organisms such as lepto or suspected but not confirmed cases of category A infectious substances
Category B
What is exempt from classification as category A or B bio substance
Materials that don’t contain an infectious substance or that is unlikely to cause disease in humans / animals
- samples collected for routine testing, not related to the diagnosis of an infectious diasease
- blood chemistries, diagnosis of non-infectious disease like cancer biopsies
What category of biological waste requires specific formal training and documentation on the shipping process
Category A
How do you treat carcasses to prevent secondary poisoning from pentobarbital
Incinerate or cremate
Immediately bury deeply based on local laws/ regulations
- rendering is not acceptable and composting leaves residues
What organization provides guidelines for the depopulation of animals
AVMA
What are some facts that increase the risk of disease in disaster
- animal stress
-overcrowding - increment weather conditions
- exposure to wildlife
Etc
General mitigation / prevention protocols in disaster
- clean water
- provision of safe food
- wash hands
- prompt feces disposal
- animal bite prevention
- prevent contact w/ wild animals
- prompt carcass disposal
Main zoonotic diseases in disasters
- anthrax
- avian flu
- brucellosis
- hantavirus
- plague
- rabies
- tuberculosis
- tularemia
- west Nile
Organisms that occur naturally in animal but pose hazard to people handling animal carcasses
- clostridia
- cryptosporidium
- Escherichia coil
- giardia
- listeria
- salmonella
Considerations to keep in mind for euthanasia
- methods / drug type
- rendering
- risk to wildlife
What are the main methods of carcass disposal
- burial
- incineration
- composting
- rendering
- alkaline hydrolysis
Burial considerations to be aware of
- topography
- soil type
- slope
- flood plains
- property lines
- proximity of bodies to water / drinking wells
Types of incineration
Open air burning
Air curtain incineration
Fixed facility incineration (crematorium)
What is alkaline hydrolysis
Uses heat, pressure, time and an alkali catalyst to hydrolyse biological materials into peptides, proteins, sugars, soaps
What is community engagement
Process of enabling conversations and building relationships b/w people who have a role or interest in an issue in their community
What are some barriers to increasing levels of community participation
Limited time
Restricted budgets
Differing social status b/w stakeholders
What is co-option
Token representatives are chosen but have no real input or power
What is compliance and informing
Tasks are assigned w/ incentives, outsiders decide the agenda and directing the process
What is consultation
Local options are sought, with outsiders analyzing and deciding on a course of action
What is cooperation
Local people work together w/ outsiders to determine priorities, w/ the rest of the responsibility for directing the process remaining w/ outsiders
What is co-learning
Local people and outsiders share their knowledge to create new understanding and work together to form action plans, w/ outsider facilitation
OR
Locals representing several stakeholders set their own agenda and mobilize to carry it out without outside facilitation
What is a workshop
A single, short educational program to teach or introduce skills, techniques or ideas
Common features of workshops
- small (6-15 people)
- conducted by people with experience in the subject
- often participatory
- informal, discussion based
- time limited (single session)
- self contained
When is a good time to conduct a workshop?
- a the beginning of something new
- initial training of staff / volunteers
- the in-service or ongoing training of staff / volunteers
- to demonstrate a new concept
- explain something new to public
3 phases of a workshop
- planning (delivery)
- prep (logistics)
- implementation
What is the most important consideration when planning a workshop
Your audience
What is an ideal workshop size
8-12
Groups smaller than 6-8 may not have enough opinions/questions/ideas
More than 15 may make it had to hear from everyone
What are typical lengths of workshops
Short (45-90 min) good for introducing or discussing a new concept, not helpful for skills
Medium (90 min - 3 hrs) can address ideas and concepts in some depth and teach some skill
Long (3+ hours) can present ideas/concepts in great detail and conduct several activities
6 hour workshop is max
What should the reading level of workshop materials be
8th grade or less
What is the purpose of ICAM (international companion anima management control)
Formed to support the development and use of humane and effective companion animal population management worldwide
They publish guidance for use by government, NGOs and IGOs
Who does ICAM believe is responsible for animal population management
ICAM believes that legal and fiscal responsibility for animal pop. Management resides with local and central government
What is the goal of dog population management
Improvement in dog welfare alongside benefits for public and environmental health
DPM aims to have a sustained influence on the processes within dog population dynamics to change sub-populations in a targeted way
What are dog population dynamics
The different sub-populations of dogs that interact to form the whole dog population
- considers the process of births, deaths and reproduction to account for how dogs Exeter/leave the population
DPM is not considered humane if…
- it includes the indiscriminate killing of dogs, killing roaming dogs, or uses killing as the sole measure of population management
Why is focusing only on the roaming dog population an ineffective form of DPM
Doesn’t address the source of these dogs
What are the principles of DPM
- humane and ethical
- adapted to local dog population dynamics
- sustained and adaptive
- evidence based design monitoring and evaluation
- focuses on root causes
Why can sterilization briefly cause an increase in population sizes
- sterilized dogs live longer
What should basic health care for dogs include
- preventative care (vaccines and deworming)
- txt of health problems
- ending suffering
changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool is what hierarchy of control
elimination
modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more is what hierarchy of control
engineering
establishing work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards
This may include: Work process training, job rotation, ensuring adequate rest breaks
is what hierarchy of control
administrative
