YS: SOCIAL CLASS & GENDER Flashcards
What does Hebdige mean by the term ‘bricolage’?
Used the term ‘bricolage’ to describe the way punks would use ordinary objects in unique ways.
What does CCCS analysis suggest about social class as a cause of spectacular youth subcultures?
Social class and feelings of deprivation are what lead young people to form subcultures as a form of resistance to the capitalist system.
What did Brake argue that youth subcultures offered to WC youths?
‘Magical’, symbolic solutions, rather than practical solutions to the problems faced by WC youths.
What did Hebidge use the concept of ‘incorporation’ to describe?
How these subversive styles are often taken over by the media and fashion industries.
How does Thornton challenge the ideas of the CCCS and the significance of social class?
Youth are largely exempt from adult financial commitments, from whatever social background, they enjoy disposable income.
What does Thornton argue about girls having less disposable income than boys?
Girls had less disposable income therefore the ‘teenage market’ was dominated by boys.
What does Thornton argue about girls and boys time investment?
Girls invested their time into doing well at school, while for boys it was about music, magazines and going out.
What does Thornton mean by things becoming ‘feminised’?
‘Mainstream’ culture is looked down on by those with subcultural capital, and thus it becomes ‘feminised’. E.g. ‘techno Tracey’s’
What does McRobbie accept in her later work about girls and youth subcultures?
Girls have become more active in relation to consumer culture than she had previously given credit for.
What does McRobbie also consider about the intersection of gender and ethnicity in relation to youth?
She discusses black ‘ragga’ girls, who take back the lyrics of sexually explicit songs .
What does Reddington argue about girls in subcultures?
There have been very active female subcultures, such as Vivienne Westwood who was very influential in the punk subculture.
What does postmodernist Bennett argue about the changing role of girls in subcultures?
‘Neo-tribes’ are less gendered, loosening the boundaries within contemporary youth culture.
What does Hollands’ study of Newcastle nightlife show about McRobbie and Garber’s ‘bedroom culture’?
That ‘bedroom culture’ may be a thing of the past - though the young women studied by Hollands were much older than the young teens in McRobbie and Garber’s research.
What does Willis’ study show?
That WC boys who messed around at school ended up in factory jobs, and treating their supervisors the same way they did teachers.
What is Willis’ study called?
Learning to labour.
