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What is AV1ATERS50
Annual inspection: required
V: VOR checks: only flying on IFR. every 30 days by the pilot.
1: 100 inspection. if the plane is for hire.
ADs: Airworthiness Directives
T: Transponder. Inspectect 24 calendar months by avionics tech
E: Emergency Locator Transmitter 24 months by mechanic usually annual. or 50% battery life and 1hour cumulative use
R: registration: due every 3 years.
S: Static and altimeter needs to be inspected by avionics tech. 24 months
50: 50 hour. Preventive maintenance.: Servicing tiers, changing oil, changing spurt plugs.
What is the difference between Annual inspection and 100 hour inspection?
Who inspective?
A and P: Airframe and powerplant Different certification
100: A+P
IA needs to sign annual
What is avionics tech?
Checks transponder, pitot.static/ anything that to do with radios
what is service bulletin?
recommendation of service
What is aircraft logbook?
Covers airframe of the plan
What is engine log?
anything that covers engine.
What is propeller log?
anything that covers propeller
What documents needed for flying?
You need them in the plane for flying A: Airworthiness Certificate R: Registration R: Radio License: If you fly out of county O: Owners manual/POH/ W: Weight and Balance
What is cockpit management?
pencil, Knee Board, write notebook/ipad/airport digram//current sectional chart/Airplane facility directory
Airport: mandatory Sign:
Red background and whit inscription
Airport: Positional Sign:
Black background with yellow letters. or white (runways)
Shows your positions
Taxiway is letter
Runway: number
Airport: Directional Sign:
Yellow Background with black writing. Show he directions.
What is arresting cable?
Where you can see that?
Check the airport diagram. Listen ATIS: for the cable operation
What does STAR mean on sectional or Airport diagram?
part time airport
What is FBO?
Fix Based Operation: General aviation. get relax and fuel
What is the purpose of chavran sign on runway?
Pavement for emergency only
Airport diagram: HS sign
Hot Spot: Accidents happen before
How can you catch the desired constant indicated speed during the climb?
Watch for the trend and start pushing yoke accordingly
Where does inverted spin occur?
1) Engine quits and landing side is far, IF we stretch the glide path, more than the best glide,. Not paying attention.
2) Take off: load shifted, trim was wrong- plane may go left suddenly and spin.
3) Landing: Go around: full power: pitch up and yaw o the left:
4) From base to final overshoot: rudder +aileron: if you use rudder too much and spin.
When does the moisture can be visible?
When the Dew point and temperature is equal.
What is adiabatic cooling?
Called as expansion cooling.
force air up, independently from the lapse rate, air will cool very quickly.
Like a ballon, when you go uo in the air, less pressure, and air in the ballon expands and less friction
Example to adiabatic cooling
Mountainous area. Wind will go up independently
from the lapse rate.
Where does the air travel in high and low pressure area?
Low Pressure: Counter Clock Wise
High Pressure: Clock wise
What is the connection between High pressure and Low Pressure with fronts?
Front is the front side of the pressure area to tell us which direction that it is traveling.
What is occluded front?
Cold front caught up with warm front and trying to catch the cool air
Three temperatures are merging together.
What is Isobar?
Pressure Gradient lines: Isobars around the low and high pressure (circles).
Isobars are very close. Means:
very windy
What does ridge and trough mean to you?
Trough: expect clouds. Storms can happens if Trough is surrounded by high pressure areas.
What is a squall line?
If the cold front travels very fast, the front will be steeper and pushing warm air faster and stronger which will cause more and expanded thunderstorms. These thunderstorms happen in the front for the cold air.
What is a squall line? How is the shown the charts?
If the cold front travels very fast, the front will be steeper and pushing warm air faster and stronger which will cause more and expanded thunderstorms. These thunderstorms happen in the front for the cold air.
line dot dot line
What the warm front bring in terms of clouds?
If you imagine, the war front, it raises and travels over the cold front. It doesn;t produce thunderstorms but creates low level clouds, low visibility.
What us the result of occluded front?
cold weather catching up the warm air and also catching up cold air int he front, they merge.
Thunderstorms and starters type with dazzling rain occur.
What is embedded thunderstorms?
cold weather catching up the warm air and also catching up cold air int he front, they merge.
Thunderstorms and startus type with dazzling rain occur.
What is a microburst? (Windshear)
Air is Forced out of the maturing stage of the thunderstorm downward. Very dangerous. You can’t see it. No rain yet. 6000 ft per minute. a little while later, you have rain.
What is LLWAS?
Low Level Windshear Advisory System
If the microburst is 40 knots gust, what happens. if if indicated speed is 80?
Speed becomes 120. fly better. But over the runway, you won’t be able to climb. If you are lucky, wind will come behind you.
What is present when there is thunderstorm?
Hail, updraft and downdraft, wind shear, lightening, turbulence.
What is the FAA recommendation for keeping distance from the clouds?
20 knot miles.
Explain the unstable air with non standard air
moisture air is heat and goes up and up because of non standard air, and it builds very high stormy air. Moisture+Non-standard laps rate+ lifting force
Explain the stable air with temperature inversion
when temperature inversion happens, air there is no lifting force and air becomes table.
What is the cloud family?
it is hight range. Low-Medium-High-Extensive vertical development
Define the following:
Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrus: very high. Ice crystels
Cumulus: Puffy.
Stratus: Straight
Define:
Alto:
Towering:
Nimbus:
Alto: High
Towering:Tall
Nimbus: Rain
Explain the following: Altocumulus: Altostratus: Towering-cumulus: Cumulonimbus clouds:
Altocumulus: Cumulus cloud base is higher than normal (not-3000 or 4000–more like 10000)
Altostratus: 15000 feet. High
Towering-cumulus: start to build.
Cumulonimbus clouds: Rainy cumuls clouds.
What is CBs?
Thunderstorms
Lenticular clouds?
Air moves to mountains. Up in the mountain, you can see lenticular cloud. Air forced up, will be condensing and dissipates rain not he other side. Strong turbulence. If air is moisture, it can result with thunderstorm.
what is rotor clouds?
Mountain chain in between, valley area. Wind comes from side and waves up to mountain down to valley and up to mountain again. This wave pattern causes up and downdraft: called rotor clouds. very strong windy and turbulence.
What are the three types of ice?
Clear ice, rime ice and mixed ice
clear ice:
flying through water droplets and they freeze on our planes’ surface. Very dangerous. Flying through moisture and weather temperature is very low.
Rimer Ice
Frosty type ice (like in freezer). You need to fly through cloud. where the precipitation is already frozen. It needs to be frezzeon moisture.
Mix ice:
Combination of Clear and rime ice.
freezing rain.
clear, mix or rime ice, we shouldn’t;t fly already but freezing rain can be problem.
Explain the following: Weather Depiction Chart Surface Analysis Chart: 12 Hour or 24 hour Surface Prognostic Chart Area Forecast Radar Summary Charts: Winds aloft.
Weather Depiction Cart: wide range of air data with VFR, IFR and MVFR conditions.
Surface Analysis Chart: Highs, Lows and different fronts.
Prognostic chart: they explain forecasts of low and high pressures expected to be.
Area Forecast: Local areas: broad idea filler.
Radar Summary Charts: explain tops of clouds.
What do you say when you call a FSS?
Macon RADIO.
NTSB Part 830
Nation Transportation Safety Board
Explain the following Based on NTSB
Accident
Accident: Timeframe of a person boards to plane and leaves. As long as there is an intention of flying.
Needs to cause:
Fatal Injury,
Serious Injury
Substantial Damage
Why do you need to know NTSB?
to know when to notify them.
Explain the following based NTSB?
Fatal injury: Person dies within 30 days as a results of accident.
Serious Injury: 1) Any broken bones other than nose, fingers and toes. 2) internal organ damage, ligament tissue damage. 3) 48 hours hospitalization in 7 days. 4) 2nd or 3rd degree burn or more than 5% of the body
Substantial Damage: Airplane is no longe in use.
Explain the following based NTSB?
Fatal Injury
Serious Injury:
Substantial Damage
Fatal injury: Person dies within 30 days as a results of accident.
Serious Injury: 1) Any broken bones other than nose, fingers and toes. 2) internal organ damage, ligament tissue damage. 3) 48 hours hospitalization in 7 days. 4) 2nd or 3rd degree burn or more than 5% of the body
Substantial Damage: Airplane is no longe in use.
What is serious incident?
Flight controls malfunction, crew doesn’t perform due to illness, blades/propeller became loose damages (not if you have a crash and damage propeller, damage to property other than aircraft totaling; more than 25000 dollars. Electronic cockpit and 50% of it comes disable,
How many days to report NTSB?
Accident within 10 days
Overdue Aircraft: 7days
Serious Accident: if it asked
What is preservation of wreacge?
you are not allowed to touch or temper it unless it is preserved or there is property around that
What is CRM?
Crew Resource Management in our case it is single pilot resource management. It means that a pilot can manage all resource available to us. Sectional charts, how you organize yourself in the cockpit, Serices for the pilot.
What is MEL?
Minumum Equipment List
What is MEL?
Minumum Equipment List
Approved list for the aircraft in order to fly.
What equipment required during the day time A T O M A T O F L A M E S
Anti Collision light (red beacon light) Tachometer Gauge O pressure Manifold gauge Altimeter Temperature Gauge Oil temperature Fule gauges Landing gear position lights Airspeed indicator Magnetic compass Elts Seat belts
What is MEL?
Minumum Equipment List
Approved list for the aircraft in order to fly.
What instruments needed for light time?
Atomatoflames + FLAPS
Fuses-curcit breakers
Landing lights (Private or instruction no need but for income, yes)
Anti collision light
Position lights
Source of electricity (alternator and battery)
What is oscillation?
because of turbulence. compass will be in accurate when we are in turbulence. Fluid helps tp balance but it is stilll unstable
When you call for weather briefing, what are the three reports that they provide you?
AIRMETS, SIGMETS, CONVECTIVE SIGMETS.
What is AIRMET?
Moderate weather and NO thunderstorm NO CBS
What is SIGMET?
Sever weather but no CBs
What is Convective SIGMETS?
too much airflow. THERE are CBs. SEVERE CBs.
What are considered as AIRMET?
IFR: Sierra
Turbulence: Tango
ICING:: Zulu
What is SIGMENTS?
Turbulence, Icing, Volcano ASH, dust storms. No lettering like airmen. When you hear segment, no fly.
What is convective segment? What is considered?
3/4 hail, tornadoes, line of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms, large area.
