Aeromedical Factors and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Flashcards
Which statement best defines hypoxia?
A state of oxygen deficiency in the body
Which is not a type of hypoxia?
Hypertoxic
Which of the following is a correct response to counteract the feelings of hypoxia in flight?
Promptly descend altitude
Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as
hyperventilation
When a stressful situation is encountered in flight an abnormal increase in teh volume of air breathedn in and out can cause a condtion known as
hyperventilation
Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?
Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear
A pilot should be ablt to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by
slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag or talking aloud
Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if
visual cues are taken away, as they are in instrument meterological condtions (IMC)
Pilots are more subject to spacial disorientation if
body signals are used to interpret flight attitude
If a pilot experiences spatial disorientationd during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to
rely upon the aircraft instrument indications
A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as
spatial disorientation
Then danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by
having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs
Which technique should a pilot use to scn for traffic to the right and left during straight andlevel flight
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals
What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?
All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance
What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?
Avoid bright whit lights at least 30 minutes before teh flight
What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?
Scan slowly to permit of-center viewing
The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to
look to the side ofthe object and scan slowly
Large accumulations of carbon monoide in the human body result in
loss of muscular power
Susceptibility to carbon monoide poisoning increases as
altitude increases
What is a correct response if an exhust leak were to be detected while in flight?
Open air vents or windows
Effects of carbon monoxide poisoning include
dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of muscle power
Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?
Situational awareness, problem recognition and good judgement
What is it often called when a pilot pushes his or her capabilities and the aircraft’s limits by trying to maintain visual contact with the terrain in low visibiltiy and ceiling?
Scud running
What often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles when flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?
Continual flight into instrument conditions
What is one of the neglected items when a pilot relies on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?
checklists
Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazerdous attitudes?
Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability
In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is teh first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?
Recognizing hazardous thoughts
What is the anitdote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as “Anitauthority?”
Follow the rules
What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as “impulsivity?”
Not so fast, think first
What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardouns attitue, such as i”invulnerability?”
It could happen to me
What is teh antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as Macho?
Taking chances is foolish
What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude such as “Resignation?”
I am not helpless
Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?
The pilot
What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?
Human error
what are the names of the three integrated systems: for ascertain orientation and movement in place
Vestibular system Somatosensory System Visual System
What is vestibular system?
Organs in the inner ear that sends possessions by the way we are balanced
What is Somatosensory system?
Nerves in the skin+muscles+joints work til hearing+sense position based on gravity, feeling and sound
What I visual system?
Eyes which sense position based on what is sen
What are the vestibular illusions?
1) The Leans 2) Graveyard Spiral 3) Somatogravic illusions 4)Elevator Illision
What is a Leans illusion?
caused by a sudden return to level flight following a gradual and prolonged turn that went unnoticed by the pilot.
How to correct the leans illusion?
In response to such an illusion, a pilot may lean in the direction of the original turn in a corrective attempt to regain the perception of a correct vertical posture.
How to correct the leans illusion?
a pilot may lean in the direction of the original turn to correct
What is Graveyard illusion?
a pilot in a prolonged coordinated, constant-rate turn may experience the illusion of not turning. During the recovery to level flight, the pilot will then experience the sensation of turning in the opposite direction causing the disoriented pilot to return the aircraft to its original turn.
During the Graveyard turn, how come the plane loses altittude? Leads to losing control?
Because an aircraft tends to lose altitude in turns unless the pilot compensates for the loss in lift, the pilot may notice a loss of altitude. The absence of any sensation of turning creates the illusion of being in a level descent. The pilot may pull back on the controls in an attempt to climb or stop the descent. This action tightens the spiral and increases the loss of altitude; this illusion is referred to as a “graveyard spiral.”\This may lead to a loss of aircraft control.
What is a somatogravic illusion?
A rapid acceleration, such as experienced during takeoff, stimulates the otolith organs in the same way as tilting the head backwards.
Conditions with poor visual references.
The disoriented pilot may push the aircraft into a nose-low or dive attitude.
A rapid deceleration by quick reduction of the throttle(s) can have the opposite effect, with the disoriented pilot pulling the aircraft into a nose-up or stall attitude.
What is Elevator Illusion?
An abrupt upward vertical acceleration, as can occur in an updraft, can stimulate the otolith organs to create the illusion of being in a climb.
The disoriented pilot may push the aircraft into a nose-low attitude. An abrupt downward vertical acceleration, usually in a downdraft, has the opposite effect with the disoriented pilot pulling the aircraft into a nose-up attitude.
What are the visual illisons?
False Horizon
Autokinesis
What is false horizion?
False Horizon
A sloping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, an aurora borealis, a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars, and certain geometric patterns of ground lights can provide inaccurate visual information, or “false horizon,” when attempting to align the aircraft with the actual horizon.
What is Autokinesis?
When flying in the dark, a stationary light may appear to move if it is stared at for a prolonged period of time. As a result, a pilot may attempt to align the aircraft with the perceived moving light potentially causing him/her to lose control of the aircraft. This illusion is known as “autokinesis.”
