YOU'VE GOT THIS Flashcards
Initial agent used to clean a noninfected wound
Sterile saline
Shallow crater with a moist wound bed is characteristic of what stage pressure injury
stage 2
An intact blister with a boggy feel is characteristic of what stage pressure injury
Stage 2
Common s/s of dermatitis
Lack of fever Itching Normal temp of LEs Inflammation Tender to touch Presence of vesicles and crusting Unilat or Bilat
Common s/s of cellulitis
Fever Elevated temp of LEs Erythema Inflammation Tenderness Unilateral distribution
Atrophie blanche
White, scar like areas associated with pain at rest and when standing
Affected areas present as smooth white plaques
Superficial venous thrombosis is characterized by
Pain and tenderness along the affected vein - usually the saphenous vein
Hydrofibers are used for moist or dry wounds?
They are used with wounds that have heavy exudate `
Dry wound would best be autolytically debrided using what
Transparent film dressing
Foam dressing - used for dry or moist
Best used for a moist, draining wound
Pacinian corpuscles are responsible for what
Vibration and pressure sense
Krause end bulbs are responsible for what
cold sense
Free nerve endings are sensitive to what
pain and itch
GTOs are sensitive to
mm contraction force
Wound on plantar aspect of foot is not healing with 2 months of conservative care - what can be done to promote healing?
Need to off load the plantar foot
Total contact casting is the accepted standard for off loading pressure areas on plantar surface of foot
Dark, raised spot that bleeds with minimal contact- sounds like
Malignant melanoma
Redness, scaling, and edema of the skin sounds like
contact dermatitis
Red, fluid filled vesicles that vary in size sounds like
Herpes zoster
Ring shaped pigmented patches covered with scales sounds like
Ringworm - or tinea corporis
RUQ pain and radiates to the upper back (maybe the scapula, right shoulder, or neck area)
Gallbladder
Functional incontinence
Occurs in people who have normal urine control but who have difficulty reaching a toilet in time because of mm or joint dysfunction
Stress incontinence
Is loss of urine during activities that increase intraabdominal pressure such as coughing, lifting, or laughing
Urge incontinence
Sudden, unexpected urge to urinate and the uncontrolled loss of urine
Often related to bladder capacity or detrusor instability
Overflow incontinence
Constant leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty
Normal micturation requires what
Contraction of detrusor
Relaxation of pelvic floor
Hernia repair - walking
Walking is encouraged within the first week
MET of 3 (speed of about 2.6 mph)
Hernia repair - avoid straining for how long
4-6 weeks
s/s of bradycardia, constipation, cold intolerance
HYPOthyroidism
Cortisol and menstrual function
Increased cortisol can lead to menstrual dysfunction
Elevated cortisol suppresses GnRH which suppresses LH and FSH
FSH and menstruation
Low levels of FSH will result in menstrual dysfunction
Optimal exercise duration for achieving weight loss with a walking program is what
30-60 min of continuous aerobic activity
CO - pregnancy
Increases 30-60%
Oxygen consumption - pregnancy
increases 15-20%
RR - pregnancy
No change
HR - pregnancy
Increases
Neck stiffness after hiking trip and red rash with partial central clearing = indicative of
Lyme disease
Most common metastatic sites for breast cancer
Lungs and bones
Opioids and exercise
Slow RR and induce relative hypoxia and hypercapnia
RR may be blunted with exercise
Piriformis performs
Abduction and ER
An acute burn produces what
Hypermetabolism Can result in increased oxygen consumption Increased minute ventilation Increased core temp Fluids are all diminished
Endothelial cells are most active in what phase of wound healing
Proliferative/Fibroblastic
Fibroblasts are most active in what phase of wound healing?
Proliferative/Fibrobalstic
Fibroblastic activity is facilitated by
Macrophages
Leukocytes are most active during what phase of wound healing
Inflammatory phase
Leukocytes arrive at the wound site in response to what
In response to the coagulation cascade
They arrive at the wound site after the platelets
Platelets are most active in what phase of wound healing
Hemostasis phase
They are the first cells to arrive at the wound site
They attach to exposed collagen at the injury site and release chemicals that attract more platelets - collectively the platelets form a platelet plug to temporarily stop the bleeding
Silver sulfadiazine works in what way
Topical antibiotic that interferes with bacterial nucleic acid production by disrupting folic acid synthesis
Broad spectrum agent
Problems that may arise with use of silver sulfadiazine
GI distress
allergic reactions
Sulfa drugs can also produce a decrease in the number of WBCs
Hypercalcemia and norm
Norm is 8.4-10.2
Too much is often associated with hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia s/s
Constipation
Pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Hyperkalemia and norm
Norm is 3.5 - 5
Levels higher than 7 have significant hemodynamic and neuro consequences
Over 8.5 can cause resp paralysis or cardiac arrest
Hypermagnesemia and norm
Normal is 1.5 - 2
Hyper is rare because kidneys can excrete - renal failure is most common cause for it
Hypernatremia and norm
Norm is 135-145
Most often cause is dehydration
Primary symptom is thirst
Tardive dyskinesia is what
An extrapyramidal adverse effect that can routinely occur with administration of neuroleptic (antipsychotic) meds
Presents with involuntary and fragmented choreoathetoid mvmnts
Tongue, mouth, jaw are often involved
Two examples of antipsychotic meds that cause tardive dyskinesia
Haldol
Thorazine
Diverticulitis - where pain
LLQ
Peptic ulcer - where pain
epigastic
Pancreatitis - where pain
epigastric
Cardiac arrythmias - hyper or hypo parathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism can lead to cardiac arrhythmias
OP - hyper or hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism can lead to OP due to the demineralization of bones due to increased secretion of PTH and subsequent loss of bone density and strength
Muscle spasms - hyper or hypo parathyroidism
Hypor PTH
Dermatitis - warm to touch
Nope
Cellulitis - breast cancer
Common post operative complication of surgical breast cancer tx
Tends to develop where skin protective barrier of lymphatic flow have been disrupted
Mastitis is what
infection of fatty breast tissue typically associated with breast feeding
Painful lumps within the breast tissue
Erysipelas characteristics
Form of cellulitis caused by strep bacteria
Skin is warm and tender
Defined borders in appearance and bright red
