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Boards sheet > POSITIVE VIBES > Flashcards

POSITIVE VIBES Flashcards

1
Q

Peak incidence of scoliosis

A

11-13 in F

13-14 in M

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2
Q

Prostaglandins - stomach

A

Prostaglandins helps protect the lining of the stomach by inhibiting gastric acid secretion and increasing the production of mucous in the stomach lining

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3
Q

NSAIDs and prostaglandins

A

NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins which results in stomach becoming more susceptible to damage from the gastric acids

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4
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Occurs primarily btw ages 20 and 40
W more than M
Primary characteristics = Tiny clumps of abnormal tissue (granulomas) that form on certain organs or over certain regions of the body
Most commonly the lungs, skin, bones, mm, and nervous system

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5
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A

Scleroderma = autoimmune disorder affecting CT that results in fibrosis of skin, BVs, joints, and internal organs
Primary characteristic of initial stages is bilateral non pitting edema that is eventually replaced by thick, hard skin

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6
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Progressive and obstructive lung disease secondary to a chronic bacterial infection
Irreversible destruction and dilation of the airways
Primary characteristic = persistent cough, large amounts of purulent sputum

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7
Q

PKU - if untreated can lead to

A

Intellectual disability
Tremors
MM coordination deficits
Seizures

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8
Q

Weak PF - what is possible gait deviation from foot flat to midstance

A

Foot flat to midstance = PF cx eccentrically to control DF moment and ant translation of tibia
Weakness in PF = excessive DF

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9
Q

Normal Q angle

A

13 in M

18 in F

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10
Q

Normal anteversion

A

8-15 degrees
More = anteversion
Less = retroversion

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11
Q

End stage renal disease - pt will develop s/s associated with

A

Impaired fluid and waste excretion - systemic and pulmonary edema
Urine output is decreased
Kidney plays role in development of erythropoietin so will often see anemia too

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12
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies an EF of 45% as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Moderate risk

Still able to participate in exercise program

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13
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with hx of uncomplicated MI and/or cardiac surgery as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Low risk

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14
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with ST segment depression of 1 mm as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Moderate risk

If was greater than 2 mm then would be high risk

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15
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with ventricular arrhythmias at rest as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

High risk

Pts with uncontrolled arrhythmias should be excluded from exercise

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16
Q

Following cardiac transplant - what changes with HR

A

Increased resting HR (often greater than 80 bpm)
Dec HR response with exercise
Dec peak HR during exercise

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17
Q

Cushing syndrome - common s/s

A

Hypertension caused by potassium depletion and Na and H20 retention
Hypertension can cause left ventricular hypertrophy and inc risk of CHF or CVA

Central obesity, moon shaped face, hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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18
Q

Tarsal tunnel is located

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

Pain typically around the ankle region and may extend into toes

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19
Q

Half kneeling - anterior vs. posterior LE

A

The posterior LE is maintaining hip extension and lower trunk control

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20
Q

Order them from easiest to hardest for someone post CVA - half kneel with involved ant, half knee with involved post, tall kneel, bridge

A

Bridge
Half kneel with involved ant
Tall kneel
Half kneel with involved post

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21
Q

Controlled mobility refers to what

A

Ability to move within a WB position or rotate around a long axis
Activities emphasize weight shifting and trunk control with rotation

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22
Q

Stages of motor control

A

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

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23
Q

Stability refers to what

A

Ability to maintain a position or posture through cocontraction and tonic holding around a joint
Unsupported sit with midline control is example

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24
Q

Gag reflex - which nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal

PT touches pharynx with tongue depressor

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25
Q

Jaw jerk reflex - which nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve

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26
Q

Somatoagnosia

A

Impairment of body schema where there is a lack of awareness of a body structure and its relationship to other body parts, to oneself or to others

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27
Q

Anosognosia

A

Severe denial or awareness fo the presence or severity of one’s neurologic defect or illness
Pt may deny that a paretic limb belongs to them or lie about why an extremity does not move as it should

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28
Q

Highest level of SCI that would be able to drive an adapted van

A

C6

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29
Q

Positive predictive value =

A

estimates prob that a person who tests pos on screening test actually has the condition
TRUE POS

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30
Q

Bobath =

A

NDT
Pt learns to control movement through functional activities that promote normal mvmnt patterns that integrate function

Focused on reinforcing normal mvmnt through key points of control and avoiding all reflex movement patterns and associated reactions

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31
Q

Kabat, Knott, and Voss approach =

A

Based on premise that stronger parts of the body are utilized to stimulate and strengthen weaker parts

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32
Q

Rood approach =

A

Based on sherrington and reflex model
Believed that all motor output was result of both past and present sensory input
Introduced sensory stimulation to facilitate or inhibit responses - like icing

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33
Q

Brunnstrom approach =

A

Created and defined the term synergy and initially encouraged the use of synergy patterns during rehab

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34
Q

Sympathetic pupil response

A

Dilation

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35
Q

Parasympathetic pupil response

A

Constriction

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36
Q

Raimiste’s phenomenon

A

Involved LE abducts or adducts with applied resistance to the uninvolved LE in the same direction

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37
Q

Souques’ phenomenon

A

Pt raises involved UE above 100 deg with elbow ext and leads to extension and abd of involved fingers

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38
Q

Coordination synkinesis

A

Voluntary cx of certain mm groups on involved side that in turn gives rise to involuntary cx of synergistic mm

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39
Q

Homolateral synkinesis

A

Mutual dependency btw the involved UE and LE

See mass flexion of LE as apply resistance to elbow flexion on ipsilateral side

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40
Q

Brachial plexus - Lateral cord gives off what

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve

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41
Q

Brachial plexus - Posterior cord gives off what

A

Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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42
Q

Brachial plexus - Medial cord gives off what

A

Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Medial pectoral nerve

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43
Q

Weight gain can be associated with what medical conditions

A 
Hypothyroidism 
Cushings syndrome
Organ disease
CHF 
Essential fatty acid deficiencies 
Blood sugar imbalance
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44
Q

Menieres s/s

A

Overaccumulation of endoymph due to lack of absorption
Hearing Loss
Tinnitus
Vertigo from 30 min to 24 hrs

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45
Q

Digitalis - common uses

A

Arrhythmias
CHF
Enhances parasympathetic activity or decreases symp

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46
Q

ASIA B

A

Intact sensory, but not motor, function below the neurological level including sacral segments
Incomplete - sensory but not motor is preserved below lesion level

47
Q

ASIA A

A

Complete - no motor or sensory

48
Q

ASIA C

A

Incomplete - motor is preserved below lesion level but key mm have mm grade less than 3

49
Q

ASIA D

A

Incomplete - motor is preserved below lesion and key mm have mm grade higher than 3

50
Q

ASIA E

A

Motor and sensory are normal

51
Q

Cluster sampling involves

A 
Successive random sampling of a series of units in the population 
Large subgroups (clusters) are randomly selected first and then smaller units are selected from the clusters
52
Q

High sampling error with cluster sampling - why?

A

Because the technique requires two or more samples to be drawn and each sample is subject to sampling error

53
Q

3 classes of meds that decrease myocardial oxygen demand

A

Beta blockers
Ca channel blockers
Nitrates

All can alleviate symptoms of angina

54
Q

Beta blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand by

A

Inhibiting the binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine to beta receptors
Dec in HR, cx of the heart, CO, and BP

55
Q

Ca channel blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand by

A

preventing arterial vasospasm and inc cellular metabolic rate

56
Q

Nitroglycerin decreases myocardial oxygen demand by

A

Dilating veins to dec venous return (preload)
Dilating arteries to dec afterload
Relax coronary artery smooth mm to inc coronary blood supply

57
Q

Positive graded exercise test results when

A

there are ST segment changes present
Greater than or equal to 1 mm of horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression is a standard criterion for positive test

58
Q

Common disturbances that may lead to development of CP

A 
Insult to fetal or infant brain
Infections
Hemorrhage
Brain malformations
Perivenricular leukomalacia
59
Q

Hand contact for percussion

A

Cupped hand

60
Q

Hand contact for vibration

A

Palmar aspect of the PTs hand in full contact with the affected lung segment
Vibration applied at the end of deep inspiration and maintained through the end of expiration

61
Q

Ligament most likely torn with an inversion ankle injury

A

Anterior talofibular!

62
Q

Ionto - calculatin for current density

A

Current amplitude (mA) divided by the electrode size (cm^2)

63
Q

Thrombocytosis - can be the result from

A

Compensation after severe hemorhage, surgery, iron deficiency, and as a manifestation of certain cancers
Thrombocytosis is a high platelet count

64
Q

Ratio scale

A

Absolute zero point
0 represents total absence of the property being measured
Ex = height, weight

65
Q

Interval scale

A

No true zero point

Temperature - 0 is not the absence of temp

66
Q

Knee arthrokinematics

A

Femur - Convex
Tibia - concave
Concave on convex = SAME

67
Q

Knee mob to inc ext

A

Anterior glide of the tibia on the femur

68
Q

Contract relax is used to

A

Improve ROM

69
Q

Repeated contractions is used to

A

Improve strength

Therapist provides a quick stretch followed by isometric or isotonic cx

70
Q

Rhythmic stabilization is used to

A

Increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions

71
Q

Hold relax is used to

A

Improve ROM

Relaxation occurs and the extremity moves through the newly acquired range to the next point of limitation

72
Q

Bony landmark used for measuring with functional reach test

A

Third metacarpal after asking the patient to make a fist

73
Q

Corticosteroids provide

A

Hormonal, antiinflammatory, and metabolic effects

Reduce inflammation

74
Q

Dermatitis is often treated with

A

Corticosteroids
Antihistamines
Immunomodulators

75
Q

Folliculitis is often treated with

A

Antiseptic cleansers or antibiotics

76
Q

Melanoma is often treated with

A

Surgery, chemo, radiation, immunotherapy

77
Q

Rosacea is often treated with

A

Antibiotics, Vitamin A derivatives, or laser surgery

78
Q

Barthel index

A

10 ADLs
Scores range from 0-100 in increments of 5
Score of 100 = ind

79
Q

Tinetti

A

Measures balance and gait using ordinal scale 0-2

Possible of 28 points; less than 19 is high risk of falling

80
Q

Pronation - foot - nonweightbearing

A

DF, Abd, Eversion

81
Q

Supination - foot - nonweightbearing

A

PF, Add, Inversion

82
Q

Emphysema - total lung capacity

A

Increased!

Because lungs become hyperinflated

83
Q

C8 myotome

A

Thumb extension

84
Q

T1 myotome

A

Finger abduction and adduction

85
Q

Sip and puff controls used with

A

POWER wc!

Most often in those with C4 tetra

86
Q

Neurontin =

A

Gabapentin
used to prevent and control seizures
Also used to relieve nerve pain in shingles, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy

87
Q

Primary side effects of neurontin

A

Dizziness, ataxia, sedation, fatigue

88
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis = restrictive or obstructive

A

Restrictive!

So will have nromal FEV1/FVC ratio

89
Q

Epidermis includes

A

AVASCULAR

flat, scale like squamous cells, round basal cells, and melanocytes

90
Q

Dermis includes

A

VASCULAR

Hair follicles, arrector pilli mm, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, Meissners, lymphatic and BVs, nerve endings

91
Q

PCA is ineffective form of pain management for who

A

People with altered cog status

92
Q

Hydration status - impact of dehydration on hematocrit

A

Hematocrit may be inc when body’s water content is decreased

93
Q

Hydration status - impact of dehydration on BUN

A

Increased BUN can be indicative of dehydration, renal failure, or heart failure

94
Q

Normal BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

95
Q

Hydration status - impact of dehydration on hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin may be increased when body’s water contect is decreased

96
Q

Abdominal exam - what first and why

A

Auscultation

Percussion and palpation first would impact what you hear

97
Q

Taylor brace =

A

TLSO - primarily limits trunk motion in sagittal plane (flex/ext)
Two post rigid struts that attach inf to a pelvic band and sup to axillary straps

98
Q

Milwaukee brace =

A

CTLSO

99
Q

Jewett brace =

A

TLSO - two plates ant - primarily limits trunk flexion

100
Q

Corset brace =

A

non rigid
Does not restrict spinal motion
Inc intra-abdominal pressure

101
Q

Arterial line - inserted where and measures what

A

Inserted directly into an artery and is used to continuously monitor BP and obtain blood samples

102
Q

Swan Ganz - measures what and inserted where

A

Right atrial pressure. pulmonary artery pressure

Advanced from femoral, brachial, or IJV into pulmonary artery

103
Q

Humeroradial joint arthrokinematics

A

Humerus - capitulum - convex

Radius - radial head - concave

104
Q

Humeroulnar joint arthrokinematics

A

Humerus - olecranon fossa- concave

Ulna - olecranon process - convex

105
Q

When performng sensory testing - what should be done first?

A

Superficial sensation testing - Temperature, pain, crude tough, pressure

106
Q

Diazepam

A

Valium - benzodiazapine - used to calm severe anxiety and agitation

107
Q

Diazepam side effects

A

Sedation
Impaired balance
Dec neuromuscular function
Dec central processing

108
Q

Ice massage requires what treatment time

A

5 to 10 minutes

109
Q

Central venous pressure catheter measures

A

Right atrium or SVC pressure

Measures pressures associated with the filling of the right ventricle (DBP)

110
Q

Hickman catheter inserts where and functions for what

A

Inserts into the right atrium
AKA Indwelling right atrial catheter
Permits removal of blood samples, admin of meds, monitoring of central venous pressure

111
Q

Spinothalamic tract = what part of cord

A

Anterior and Lateral

112
Q

DCML - which part of cord

A

Posterior

113
Q

Spinothalamic function

A

Temp
Pain
Touch

114
Q

DCML function

A

Discriminative touch
Stereognosis
Kinesthesia

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