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YOU CAN DO THIS! Flashcards

1
Q

Common major complication from MI

A

Arrhythmias!

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2
Q

MI - exercise testing can be performed when

A

3 days after an MI

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3
Q

CHF

A

Left sided! associated with signs of pulmonary edema

Right sided - associated with systemic venous congestion

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4
Q

Right ventricle to

A

LUNGS

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5
Q

Left ventricle to

A

BODY

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6
Q

Hypertension - Normal

A

Below 120/80

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7
Q

Hypertension - Elevated

A

Systolic btw 120-130

AND Diastolic less than 80

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8
Q

Hypertension - Stage 1

A

Systolic btw 130-139 OR

Diastolic btw 80-89

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9
Q

Hypertension - Stage 2

A

Systolic at least 140 OR

Diastolic at least 90

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10
Q

Hypertension - Hypertensive crisis

A

Systolic over 180 AND/OR

Diastolic over 120

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11
Q

Tuberculosis spread by

A

aersolized droplets!
Incubation 2 to 10 wks
Primary disease 10 days to 2 wks

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12
Q

TB precautions

A

Mask and follow universal precautions

Pt must wear mask if leave room

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13
Q

Right coronary artery supplies

A

Right atrium
Most of right ventricle
AV node
SA node in 60%

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14
Q

RA = which valve to RV

A

TRIcuspid

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15
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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16
Q

L coronary artery divides into

A

L anterior descending

Circumflex

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17
Q

Left anterior descending supplies

A

Anterior surface of LV and portions of IV septum

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18
Q

Circumflex supplies

A

Lateral and inferior surfaces of LV and portions of LA

40% SA node

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19
Q

AV valves (Tri and Bi) prevent backflow into atria during

A

ventricular cx SYSTOLE

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20
Q

Semilunar valves (Pulm and Aortic) prevent backflow from aorta and pulmonary artery into ventricles during

A

DIASTOLE

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21
Q

Inherent AV node rate

A

40-60 bpm

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22
Q

Cardiac Output is what and what is norm

A

Amount of blood that leaves the ventricles per minute

4-6 L/min

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23
Q

Stroke Volume is what

What is norm

A

the volume of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction
Normal is 55-100 mL/beat

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24
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by

A

Preload! The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
Contractility!
Afterload!

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25
Q

Preload

A

The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastle

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26
Q

Afterload

A

The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure and open the aortic valve

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27
Q

SV and Preload

A

SV will increase with an increase in preload

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28
Q

Contractility and afterload

A

Contractilty will decrease with an increase in afterload

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29
Q

EF

A

55-75%

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30
Q

Mean arterial pressure is what

Normal is what

A

Sum of SBP and 2xDBP, divided by 3

Normal is 70-110 mmHg

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31
Q

Heart sounds - S3 is associated with

A

CHF

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32
Q

Heart sounds - S4 is associated with

A

hypertension or MI

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33
Q

Central venous pressure measures what

A

Measures right atrial filling

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34
Q

Pulse pressure is measured how

A

Sys - dias

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35
Q

BP is what equation

A

CO * total peripheral resistance

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36
Q

Hyperkalemia - EKG

A 
Peaked T waves
Wide PR interval
Wide QRS
Dec rate and force of cx
Can lead to cardiac arrest!!!
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37
Q

Hypokalemia - EKG

A 
Produces flat T wave and ST depression
B LE cramps
Prolonged QT
Prolonged PR
Arrhythmias may progress to vfib
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38
Q

Hypercalcemia - EKG

A

Shortened QT

Increased heart actions

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39
Q

Hypocalcemia - EKG

A

Prolonged QT

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40
Q

First degree heart block

A

Really long PR interval; all else normal

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41
Q

Second degree heart block type 1

A

Long PR interval, drops every 4th QRS

Mobitz 1; Wekenbach

42
Q

Second degree heart block type 2

A

Long PR interval, drops every 2nd, 3rd, or 4th QRS

43
Q

Third degree AV block

A

Separate atria and ventricular firing

44
Q

Mean venous pressure throughout venous system

A

2mm Hg

45
Q

BP cuff too small - BP will be

A

High

46
Q

Cardiac rehab - change what first

A

Duration first; then intensity

47
Q

Tidal volume is what number norm

A

500 mL/breath

48
Q

Forced expiratory volume - norm in healthy

A

70% or more

49
Q

COPD GOLD Stages - stage 1

A

Mild
FEV1/FVC - less than 70%
FEV1 is greater than or equal to 80% predicted
With or wo symp of cough and sputum production

50
Q

COPD GOLD Stages - stage 2

A 
Moderate
FEV1/FVC less than 70%
FEV1 is between 50 and 80% 
SOB with exertion
With or wo symp of cough and sputum production
51
Q

COPD GOLD Stages - Stage 3

A 
Severe
FEV1/FVC less than 70%
FEV1 btw 30 and 50% 
Greater SOB w exercise
Dec exercise capacity 
Fatigue and repeated exacerbations of their disease
52
Q

COPD GOLD Stages - Stage 4

A

Very Severe
FEV1/FVC is less than 70%
FEV1 is less than 30% OR less than 50% with chronic resp failure

53
Q

Prognostic indicator for mortality risk with COPD

A

BODE

BMI, Pulm obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity

54
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Autosomal recessive

If both are carriers, 25% chance to be affected

55
Q

Bruce protocol

A

Treadmill
Start 1/7, 10% treadmill grade
Inc both speed and grade every 3 min

56
Q

Target heart rate range what percentage of heart rate reserve

A

40 and 85% of the heart rate reserve

HRR = HR max - HR rest

57
Q

Rating of perceived SOB

A 
0 = nothing
3 = moderate (60% VO2 max)
4 = somewhat severe (72% VO2 max)
5 = severe (80% VO2 max)
10 = maximal
58
Q

Termination of exercise graded test

A 
Max SOB
Fall in PaO2 greater than 20 or PaO2 less than 55 
Rise in PaCO2 greater than 10 
PaCO2 greater than 65
Cardiac ischemia; arrhythmia
Sx of fatigue
Diastolic inc 20 
Systolic higher than 250?
Dec in BP
Leg pain
Total fatigue
Signs of insufficient CO
Reach vent max
59
Q

Resting claudication and exercise

A

CONTRAINDICATION

60
Q

Oxygen nasal cannula - %

A

Usually mixed with room air which is 21% oxygen, per liter is raised about 4%
1L = 25%
2L = 29% and so on
Usually to 6L

61
Q

End of terminal stance - what degrees at joints

A

10-20 hip ext
Knee and ankle neutral
MTP 30 ext

62
Q

Normal toe out

A

7 degrees

63
Q

Benzodiazapines - ex and side effects

A

Xanax, Valium (used for sedation, seizures)

Can lead to increased fall risk

64
Q

Most common CV side effect of corticosteroids

A

Increased BP

65
Q

Cholinergic drugs act like

A

PARAsympathetic

66
Q

Symoathomimetics - ex

A

DA, Epinephrine, Atropine
DA and Epi inc CO
Atropine inc HR

67
Q

Sympatholytics include

A

beta blockers AKA beta adrenergic antagonists

68
Q

Catecholamine =

A

sympathetic (Epi)

69
Q

Nitrates act as

A

VDs, dec preload and afterload

70
Q

Digoxin does what

A

lengthens PR interval by inc conduction time through AV node

71
Q

ADH - side effects

A

Can promote inc in BP

72
Q

Phenobarbital =

A

Barbituate; prevent seizures

73
Q

Methotrexate =

A

DMARD

74
Q

TENS motor vs. sensory protocol

A

Sensory pulse duration low (40), Freq 80-150

Motor mm spasm = pulse duration 300-500 and freq 80-120

75
Q

Hot pack requires how many towels

A

6 to 8

76
Q

US can be administered to an aea

A

2-3 x the size of the effective radiating area of the transducer face in a 5 min periof
About twice the size of the transducer head

77
Q

US - nonthermal effects = what duty cycle

A

20% or lower

78
Q

US - Beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) =

A

Ratio btw spatial peak intensity and special avg intensity
The higher the quality of the crystal, the lower the BNR
A high BNR produces a less uniform beam and therefore places the pt at greater risk for periosteal pain or hot spots

79
Q

US - treating a 12 cm area - you would want what size soundhead

A

5cm (most are 5cm or 10cm)

80
Q

Contraindication to intermittent compression

A

Acute pulmonary edema

81
Q

Temp from high to low

A

Rectal
Tympanic
Oral
Axillary

82
Q

Initial for biofeedback

A

Low detection sens

Electrodes placed close together

83
Q

Initial for EMG protocol

A

High detection sens

Electrodes close together

84
Q

Gold standard for body comp

A

Hydrostatic weighting

85
Q

Shoulder - IR
End feel
Capsule

A

Firm end feel with tight post capsule

86
Q

Shoulder - what test to stress post capsule

A

Flex to 90, full IR
Jerk test is like this but add axial load through elbow in post direction
Can also add adduction to durther stress post capsule

87
Q

Shoulder - ER - which capsule

A

anterior

88
Q

Reverse hill sachs lesion

A

Fx to ant medial humeral head (usually from post dislocation)

89
Q

Hill Sachs lesion

A

Fx to post superior humeral head (from ant dislocation)

90
Q

Appendicitis - which quadrant and diagnosis

A

Right lower quadrant
McBurneys point = 1.5-2 in above ASIS
Rebound tenderness = Blumberg’s sign

91
Q

Diverticulitis = which quadrant

A

Left lower quadrant

92
Q

Referral pattern - esophageal CA

A

Pain radiating to back
Pain with swallowing
Dysphagia
Weight loss

93
Q

Referral pattern - esophagus

A

Midback (midthoracic spinal nerve root pain can present as esophageal pain)

94
Q

Referral pattern - Pacreatic CA

A

Deep, gnawing pain that might radiate from chest to back

95
Q

Referral pattern - Acute pancreatitis

A

Mid epigastric pain radiating through to the back

96
Q

Referral pattern - Cholecystitis

A

GALLBLADDER
Abrupt, sever abdominal pain and RUQ tenderness
n/v
Fever

97
Q

Referral pattern - heart and lung

A

Chest, back, neck, jaw, UE

98
Q

Referral pattern - Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Nonspecific lumbar pain

99
Q

Referral pattern - Kidney, bladder, ovary, uterus =

A

Trunk, pelvis, thighs

100
Q

Referral pattern - liver, diaphragm, or pericardium

A

Shoulder

101
Q

Gallbladder, stomach, pancreas or small intestine can refer to the

A

midback and scapular region

102
Q

Colon, appendix, or pelvic viscera can refer to the

A

pelvis, low back, or sacrum

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