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BELIEVE IN YOURSELF Flashcards

1
Q

Meniscus - vascular vs. not

A

Inner third of medial is AVASCULAR

Outer third of medial is vascular

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2
Q

Apleys

A

Differentiates meniscal and ligament
Pt prone with knee flexed to 90; stabilize their thigh then passively distract the knww and slowly IR and ER tibia
Apply compressive load to knee joint and rotate tibia again
Pain or dec motion with the added compression = meniscal!
Pain or inc motion with distraction = ligament!

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3
Q

Hughston;s plica

A

Pt supine with flexed knee and IR tibia, passive glide patella medially while palpatng medial femoral condyle, feel for popping as passively extend and flex the knww

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4
Q

Patellar apprehension

A

Hx of dislocation

Pt supine with patella passively glided laterally

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5
Q

Clarke’s sign

A

Patellofemoral dysfunction

Pt supine with knee ext, push post on superior pole of patella, then ask pt to perform quad contraction

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6
Q

Q angle measurement - how and norms

A

Normal is 13 for men, 18 for women
ASIS, mid patella, tibial tubercle
Angle btw quads and patellar tendon

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7
Q

Noble compression

A

IT band friction syndrome
Pt supine with hip flexed 45 and knee flexed 90, apply pressure to lateral femoral epicondyle and then extend the knee
Pt will complain of pain over lateral epicondyle at about 30 deg flex

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8
Q

Wilson’s test is for

A

Osteochondritis dissecans
Pt sit on EOT, actively extend knee with IR of tibia
Pos if pain present at 30 deg with IR but no pain at 30 deg with ER

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9
Q

Max varum at what age

A

6 to 12 months

Straight by 18-24 months

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10
Q

Max valgus at what age

A

3 to 4 yrs

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11
Q

Valgum corrects by what age

A

7

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12
Q

Norms for valgus angle

A

8 for F

7 for M

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13
Q

ACL - graft

A

Most common are semitendinosus and gracilis

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14
Q

Osteonecrosis of femoral condyles - most common =

A

Medial! Due to inc weight bearing forces caused by COG being medial to knee
More common in F - esp over 60

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15
Q

Lachman is performed with what

A

20-30 deg of knee flexion

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16
Q

Normal angle of anteversion

A

8 to 15 degrees
Less than 8 is retro
More than 15 is anteverted
Test = Craigs

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17
Q

Pavlik harness maintains in

A

Hip flex, abd to keep head in acetabulum

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18
Q

THA - posterolateral approach

A

Keeps hip abd intact!!! Hip instability after is due to post capsule damage
NO hip flex past 90, add, IR

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19
Q

THA - posterolateral approach - most damage to what mm

A

Glut max!

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20
Q

THA - anterolateral approach - which mm get impact

A

Hip abd

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21
Q

Wounds - serous

A

Clear

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22
Q

Wounds - serosanguinous

A

Pink

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23
Q

Wounds - Sanguineous

A

Red

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24
Q

Wounds - purulent

A

Yellow

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25
Q

Wounds - primary intention

A

Surgically closed

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26
Q

Wounds - secondary intention

A

Let the body heal it

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27
Q

Wounds - Tertiary

A

Secondary intention first, and then primary to get it closed

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28
Q

Wound healing stages

A

Inflammation
Proliferation/Fibroblastic
Maturation/Remodeling

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29
Q

Arterial insufficiency wound

A

Lateral malleoli, dorsum of foot, toes
Dec hair, dry skin, cool temp
Painful wound/legs
Dec pulses, pallor on elevation, rubor with dep

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30
Q

Venous insufficiency wound

A

More common
Swelling releived with elevation in early stages
Itch, fatigue, ache, heavy
Hemosiderin staining, lipodermatosclerosis
Inc skin temp
Medial malleolus
Usually wet with exudate

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31
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Corneum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

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32
Q

Layers of skn

A

Epidermis
Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
SubQ

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33
Q

Epidermal burn = think

A

SUNBURN! No blisters!

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34
Q

Superficial partial thickness burn

A

Through epidermis and into papillary dermis
BLISTERS!!!
PAINFUL!
Heals wo surgery

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35
Q

Deep partial thickness burn

A

Through epidermis, papillary, and into reticular

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36
Q

Full thickness burn

A

Through all epidermis and all dermis

INSENSATE!

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37
Q

Zone of coagulation

A

Cells are irreversibly damaged, skin death occurs

38
Q

Zone of stasis

A

injured cells that might die within 24 -48 hrs wo intervention

39
Q

zone of hyperemia

A

Minimal cell damage and tissue should recover without lasting effects

40
Q

Lymphatic system is normally responsible for collecting what percent of interstitial fluid?

A

10-20%

Venous system collects other 80-90%

41
Q

Lymphedema - long vs. short stretch

A

SHORT STRETCH more for edema and lymphedema
Low resting and high working

Long stretch - high resting pressure

42
Q

Bunnel Littler

A

Identifies tightness in structures surrounding MCP joints
MCP stabilized in slight ext while PIP is flexed
Then MCP and PIP are flexed
If flex limited in both cases = capsule is tight
If more PIP flex with MCP flex = intrinsics are tight

43
Q

Tght retinacular

A 
Tightness around PIP joint
PIP stabilized while DIP is flexed 
Then PIP and DIP are flexed 
If flex limited in both = capsule tight 
If more DIP flex with PIP flex, tight ligaments
44
Q

Dequervains involves

45
Q

Snuff box

A

EPL close to index

EPB, APL on outside

46
Q

RA involves

A

MCP and PIP

Bouchards = PIP

47
Q

OA

A

HerberDens (DIP)

48
Q

Wrist drop

A

Radial nerve injury (ext not working)

49
Q

Claw hand

A

Median and ulnar n injury (lose all intrinsics)

AKA intrinsic minus hand

50
Q

Ape hand

A

Median nerve injury

adductor is innervated by ulnar

51
Q

Bishop deformity

A

Ulnar claw
Ulnar nerve injury
When try to open, median works - not ulnar

52
Q

Hand of benediction

A

When close hand, ulnar works but median does not

Lose first 2 lumbricals and FDP

53
Q

Wartenburg

54
Q

Fromet’s sign

55
Q

Watsons

A

Scaphoid shift (ext and ulnar dev to flex and rad dev)

56
Q

Bennetts fx

A

metacarpal

57
Q

Thumb - flexion and extension happen on what plane

A

FRONTAL plane!

Trapezium is convex; Metacarpal is concave

58
Q

Thumb - abduction and adduction happen on what plane

A

SAGITTAL plane!

Trapezium is concave; metacarpal is convex

59
Q

Thumb - to increase abduction glide in what direction

A

POST!

Convex metacarpal on concave trapezium = OPP

60
Q

Power grip requires what

A

use of radial and ulnar sides

Grasping a cup

61
Q

Precision grasp requires what

A

Use of radial side with thumb to hold onto smaller objects - holding a pencil

62
Q

Transverse ligament test

A

Glide C1 ant (pt supine)

63
Q

Anterior shear test

A

Glide C2-C7 anterior (pt supine)

64
Q

Alar ligament

A

Pt seated, passively slightly flex the upper c spine and apply pincer grip to C2 SP - palpate mvmnt at C2 during passive upper cervical SB and rotation
Pos is inability to palpate C2 moving in conjunction with C1

65
Q

Modified sharp purser

A

Transverse ligament
Pt seated, passively flex upper c spine and apply pincer grip to C2, apply post translation and ext force through forehead while assessing for excessive linear translation or reproduction of myelopathic symptoms

66
Q

SLR = AKA

A

Lasegue’s test

67
Q

Quadrant test - Intervertebral foramen closing vs. facet closing

A

Intervertebral foramen closing = SB L, Rot L, Ext

Facet closing = SB L, Rot R, Ext

68
Q

Stork standing test

A

Identifies spondylolisthesis
Pt stands on one leg, cue pt into ext and repeat with other leg
Pos if LBP with ipsilateral leg on ground

69
Q

Bicycle (Van Gelderen’s test)

A

Differentiates between spinal stenosis and intermittent claudication
Pt on bike, first sit erect and time how long
After rest, ride at same speed in slumped position
If can ride longer with slumped = stenosis!

70
Q

Gillet’s

A

Assess post mvmnt of ilium relative to sacrum
Pt standing, place thumb under PSIS of limb to be tested and place other on sacrum - ask pt to flex knee and hip, PSIS should move inf

71
Q

Ipsilateral ant rotation test

A

Assess ant mvmnt of ilium relative to sacrum, place thumb under PSIS and other thumb on center of sacrum, ask pt to extend hip and limb to be tested - Should move sup

72
Q

Gaenslen’s

A

Pt sidelying with bottom leg in max hip and knee flexion, standing behind the pt, passively extend the upper hip

73
Q

Goldthwait’s test

A

Differentiate SIJ from lumbar - passive SLR and PT fingers between SP of lumbar spine

74
Q

Ligaments sprain order - ankle

A

Anterior talofibular - Calcaneofibular - Posterior talofibular

75
Q

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction = pt tends to have what kind of foot

A

Flat foot with ankle rolled inward

Forefoot ABDuction and hindfoot VALGUS

76
Q

Rocker bottom - used for

A

hallux rigidus - can help so pt does not have to have as much toe extension with gait

77
Q

TMJ - elevation mm

A

Medial pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

78
Q

TMJ - Protrusion mm

A

Lateral pterygoids
Medial pterygoids
Masseter

79
Q

TMJ - Retrusion

A

Temporalis

Digastric

80
Q

TMJ - Lateral deviation

A

Ipsilateral masseter, temporalis

Contralateral med and lat pterygoids

81
Q

Amputations - foot - order!

A 
TLCS
Transmetatarsals
Lisfranc
Chopart
Symes
82
Q

Lisfranc amputations - occurs where

A

at midfoot - which includes cuboid, navicular, three cuneiforms

83
Q

Transtibial amputation - what areas are not pressure tolerant that you have to be aware of

A

Distal ant tibia

84
Q

Transtibial amputation - what areas are pressure tolerant

A

Patellar tendon
Fibular shaft
Calf

85
Q

Ulnohumeral loose packed

A

70 flex

10 sup

86
Q

Proximal radioulnar loose packed

A

70 flex

35 supination

87
Q

Radiohumeral loose packed

A

full ext and full supination

88
Q

Addisons

A

Adrenal insufficiency

Hypofunction of adrenal glands

89
Q

Cushings

A

Hyperfunction of adrenal glands

Increased cortisol

90
Q

Graves

A

Hyperthyroidism

91
Q

Hashimotos

A

Hypothyroidism

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