Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Year 9 Term 2 > Flashcards

Year 9 Term 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Tissues

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organs

A

Groups of different tissues working together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organ system

A

Groups of organs that perform a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organism

A

A whole living thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Average size of an epithelial cell

A

8-21/um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Average size of villus tissue

A

0.5-1.6mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Average size of intestine

A

7m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exchange of material is made easier by…

A

Increased surface area
Increased concentration gradient
A good blood supply and flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

The smaller the organism, the larger its surface area to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is mass transport needed?

A

Mammals are relatively large and need a m.t.s to supply the cells with materials
Needed to transport materials between the exchange surfaces and cells
The lower the SATVR the greater need for m.t.s with a pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Respiratory system produces

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Digestive system produces

A

Food waste and faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Circulatory system produces

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Substances transported into and out of organisms

A 
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Dissolved food molecules
Urea
Water
Mineral ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Description of red blood cell

A

Biconcave disk which gives increases surface area to volume ratio, red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phagocyte

A

White blood cell has loaded nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymphocyte

A

White blood cell has a large nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blood plasma

A

Straw coloured liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RBC

A

Filled with red pigment called haemoglobin which carries oxygen
No nucleus increased surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cells

A

Building blocks to all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Haemoglobin is a large protein molecule folded around four ion atoms. Is bright scarlet colour which is the colour of the blood in the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is oxyhemoglobin formed

A

Where there is large concentration of oxygen (e.g the lungs) the haemoglobin reacts with the oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
Where there is a low concentration of oxygen it splits and oxygen goes to cells. Haemoglobin is purple-red which is the colour of blood in the veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function, colour, pressure and valves of artery

A

Carry’s blood away from the heart
Bright red oxygenated blood
High
No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function, colour, pressure and valves of vein

A

Carries blood back to the heart
Deep-purple red deoxygenated blood
Low
Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Function, colour, pressure and valves of capillary
Exchange of substances, joins veins and arteries together Change from bright to dark red Low No
26
Artery
Small lumen Thick walls Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres
27
Vein
Relatively thin walls Large lumen Often have valves
28
Capillary
Tiny vessels with narrow lumen | Walls a single thick
29
What is the function of the valves
To prevent the backflow of blood
30
Where does the diffusion of substances take place
Capillaries
31
Blood flow through capillaries
Blood flows from heart to arteries which branch into capillaries. Capillaries are thin walled so exchange of substances takes place here. Waste products are removed and travel via venules which join to form veins which return the deoxygenated blood to the heart
32
The heart
Made of cardiac muscle Pumps blood around the body Coronary arteries supply heart with oxygen and glucose for respiration which releases energy for contraction of the heart
33
Order of components of heart during blood flow
Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
34
The double circulatory system
Important in warm blooded, active mammals | Very efficient
35
The pacemaker
Resting heart rate is controlled by group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that acts as a pacemaker. Artificial pacemakers are electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate
36
Coronary heart disease
The build up of fatty material in coronary arteries
37
Consequences of CHD
May be reduced blood flow or no blood flow at all. This means the heart may beat out of rhythm. It may cause a heart attack or a cardiac arrest
38
Treatment for CHD
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft when blood vessels often from leg are sew onto the coronary artery to bypass the blockage. A ballon may also be inserted to open up the blockage
39
Faulty valves
Heart valves may become faulty, preventing the valve from opening fully. The person affected will become very breathless and maybe die if it isn't solved
40
Advantages and disadvantages of biological valves
Advantage: no medication Disadvantage: only lasts around 15 years
41
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical valves
Advantage: the last for a very long time Disadvantage: take medication for the rest of your life
42
The cardiac cycle
Heart beat begins when heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria which contracts and the valve opens to allow blood into the ventricles which open forcing blood to leave the heart at the same time the atria relax and again fill with blood
43
Advantage and disadvantages of an artificial heart
Advantage: keeps patients alive no waiting for donor. Live relatively normal life until transplant Disadvantage: can form blood clots need drugs to prevent clots. Temporary, noisy and heavy
44
Advantage and disadvantages of a transplant
Advantage: permanent solution (lasts a long time) lead normal life Disadvantage: need anti-rejection meds. Body may eventually reject transplant
45
Statins
Statins are used to reduce cholesterol levels which slows down rate of fatty material deposit
46
Rate of diffusion
Area of diffusion surface x diffusion in concentration/ thickness of surface over which diffusion takes place
47
2 main features of the lungs
Mechanical ventilation | Gas exchange
48
What happens when we inhale
The muscles in the ribs contract moving up and out contracting and flattening the diaphragm increasing the volume in the lungs decreasing the pressure. Air rushes in to equalise the pressure
49
What happens when we exhale
The muscles in the ribs relax moving up and out relaxing and doming the diaphragm decreasing the volume and increasing the pressure so air is forced out of the lungs
50
Why are the lungs efficient exchange surface
They are folded increasing the surface area The walls of the alveoli are only 1 cell thick Each alveolus is surrounded by blood capillaries which ensure a good blood supply
51
Oesophagus
Long muscular tube squeezes food down to the stomach. Peristalsis
52
Liver
Produces bile
53
Gallbladder
Stores bile
54
Large intestine
Water reabsorbed from undigested foods
55
Small intestine
Produces carbohydrase protease and lipase enzymes. Walls have villi and micro villi to increases surface area for absorption of soluble foods
56
Rectum
Faeces are stored here
57
Pancreas
Produces trypsin (a protease enzyme) carbohydrase and lipase enzymes
58
Stomach
Muscular wall churns food. Produces HCL (kills bacteria) and provides optimum conditions for pepsin (a protease enzyme)
59
Salivary glands
Secrete the digestive juice amylase (a carbohydrase)
60
Enzyme
Biological catalyst
61
Catalyst
A substance which changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed itself
62
Activation energy
The energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
63
Active site
The special site in structures of enzyme where the substrate binds
64
What are enzymes made up of
Long chains of amino acids folded to produce a molecule with a specific shape which allows other molecules (substrates) to fit into the enzyme protein
65
Enzymes in the digestive system
Carbohydrase found in saliva Lipase Protease found in stomach

Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions