Breathing And Movement Flashcards
Why do we have to breathe
We have to breathe because all the cells in our body needs energy to stay alive. We get energy out of our food in respiration
Why do we need oxygen
Oxygen is needed to break down glucose and this gives out energy for cells to use. you get oxygen into your body by breathing in.
Nasal cavity?
Warms, tests and moistens the air.
Larynx?
Voice box-contains vocal chords which enables us to speak.
Windpipe/trachea?
Directs air into and out of the lungs has C-shaped cartilage disks to prevent collapse.
Bronchitis/Bronchioles?
Bronchitis and to the lungs and divide into many smaller bronchioles.
Diaphragm?
Muscular sheet separating thorax and the rest of the body.
Alveoli/Airsacks?
Gas exchange-oxygen defuses into blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of it.
What is breathing in called?
Breathing in is called inhalation when we inhale I containing oxygen is forced into the lungs.
What is breathing out called?
Breathing out is called exhalation when we exhale I contain waste call the Carbon Dioxide is forced out of the lungs.
What is ventilation?
Lungs are ventilated when we breathe this make sure that they work effectively.
What happens to our rib cage when we inhale/exhale
When we inhale it lifts up and out and when we exhale it is pulled down and in.
What happens to the diaphragm when we inhale/exhale
When we inhale it contracts and flattens and when we exhale it relaxes and Domes
What happens to the volume of the thorax when we inhale/exhale
When we inhale the volume increases and when we exhale the volume decreases
What happens to the pressure when we inhale/Exhale
When we inhale the pressure decreases and when we exhale the pressure increases
What are alveoli?
The alveolus are found at the end of the bronchioles. They are tiny air sacs which have a wall of cells just one cell thick
What makes the alveolus an efficient exchange surface
They have a large surface area lots of spherical alveoli provides a very large surface for gas exchange and thin walls of alveoli and the capillaries are one cell thick so gases diffused very quickly
What happens when we exercise
We breathe faster and more deeply. This is because our muscle cells are contracting more and require more energy from respiration. More oxygen and glucose need to be absorbed into the blood. More carbon dioxide is is made as a waste product and it needs to be removed from the blood via the alveoli
Nicotine
It is the addictive drug in a cigarette and it is a stimulant
Carbon monoxide
Stops red blood cells from carrying oxygen around the body
Particulates
Collect in the lungs and blacken them
Harmful effects of smoking on the body
Throat cancer Mouth cancer Bronchitis Emphysema Heart disease Lung cancer
Asthma
Asthma is a disease that makes it difficult to breathe. You are always become swollen and the muscles constrict making your airway narrower
What triggers asthma
Cigarette smoke cold air Pet hair Housedust Infections
What are the symptoms of asthma
Cough
Waze
Shortness of breath
A feeling of tightness in the chest
Inhalers
Blue-relaxes tightened airways
Brown-prevents swelling
How does the mucus and the cilia help keep the airway free of dust and bacteria
The mucus makes the dust stick
The cilia moves the mucus up through the trachea
What effect does tar have on the cilia
It paralyses them so they can’t move
What are the bones in your arm called
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
What are the bones in your leg called
Femur
Fibula tibia
Gliding joints
Wrist
Ankle
The bones have a flat surface which can slide over each other to allow movement in one plane
Fixed joint
Skull
These bones are joined together and cannot move as an adult
Ball and socket joint
Shoulder
Hip
The joint can move in nearly any direction
Hinge joint
Knee Elbow Fingers Toes The joint can only move in one direction
Pivot joint
Neck
This allows the head to nod and turn
The skeleton needs to be strong but not to heavy how is this achieved
The bones are made of hollow tubes
What does antagonistic pairs mean
It means that when one muscle contracts and shortens the other relaxes to its full length
Tendons
Muscles are attached to bend by tendons. They can’t stretch if they did the muscle would not be able to move a bone at a joint
How don’t bones rub together and get hot and painful
Because moving joints are synovial joints
Ligaments
These attach bone to bone and help make joints stable
Cartilage
A white smooth shiny substance which reduces friction and prevents bone rubbing against bone. Found at the end of bones
Synovial fluid
This is secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity. It acts as a shock absorber and helps reduce friction. The synovial membrane keeps the fluid from escaping
