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Biology > stuff i cant remeber > Flashcards

stuff i cant remeber Flashcards

1
Q

mitosis definition

A

cell decision in eukaryotic cells, cell divides to produce two new identical copies

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2
Q

mitosis process

A

normal boy cell has 4 chromosomes, copy of each chromosome is made (8), chromosomes become shorter and spindles start to appear, chromosomes line up at centre of cell, spindles draw chromosome copies to opposite ends of cell, cytoplasm and cell wall starts to divide, 2 new cells form each with 4 a chromosomes called daughter cells

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3
Q

White blood cell, phagocyte

A

slightly bigger than RBC, has a lobed nucleus

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4
Q

white blood cell, lymphocyte

A

has a large nucleus

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5
Q

blood plasmid

A

straw coloured liquid

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6
Q

platelets

A

fragments invoked in clotting the blood

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7
Q

haemoglobin

A

consist of 4 polypeptide chains known as globins, attached to each chair is an iron-containing molecule know as haem

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8
Q

artery function

A

carry blood away from heart

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9
Q

artery structure

A

thick walls, small lumen, thick layer of muscles and elastic fibre

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10
Q

artery colour of blood

A

red, oxygenated

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11
Q

artery pressure

A

high

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12
Q

does the artery have valves?

A

no

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13
Q

vein function

A

to carry blood toward the heat

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14
Q

vein structure

A

relatively thin walls, large lumen, often have valves

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15
Q

colour of blood in veins

A

red/purple, deoxygenated

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16
Q

pressure in veins

A

low

17
Q

cappillary function

A

connects arteries to veins in organs, exchange substances by diffusion

18
Q

capillary structure

A

walls a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen, very small

19
Q

blood colour in capillary

A

changes from bright red to dark red

20
Q

pressure in capillaries

A

low

21
Q

are there valve sin capillaries?

A

no

22
Q

the heart

A

made of cardiac muscle, pumps blood around the body, coronary arteries supply heart with oxygen and glucose for respiration releasing energy for contraction of heart

23
Q

route of the blood

A

deoxygenated blood-vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, semi-lunar valves, pulmonary artery.
oxygenated blood- pulmonary vein, left atrium, tricuspid valves, left ventricle, semi lunar valves, aortia

24
Q

pacemaker

A

resting heart rate control by a group of cells in right atrium walls acting as pacemaker
artificial pacemakers correct irregularities I heart rate

25
Q

CHD

A

fat try build up in coronary arteries narrow ing and reducing blood flow which can result in cardiac arrest or heart attack

26
Q

CHD treatment

A

a ballon can be inserted with a stent which opens the blockage

27
Q

faulty valves

A

valves can become faulty preventing it from opening fully or the heart valve might develop a leak, faulty valves can be replaced

28
Q

advantages/disadvantages of mechanical valves

A

last a long time, but you have to take me medicine for rest of life

29
Q

advantages/disadvantages of biological valves

A

patient does not need medication, only lasts around 15 years, maybe challenge religious beliefs

30
Q

the cardiac cycle

A

heart beat begins when heart muscles Relaxand blood flows into the atria, atria contracts and valves open allowing blood into ventricles, ventricles contract causing blood to leave heart through arteries
cycle repeats int self

31
Q

artificial heart advantages/disadvantages

A

keeps patient alive, no waiting for donor, can live relatively normL life till transplant, blood clots can form and drugs are needed to prevent, heavy and noisy

32
Q

heart transplant advantages/disadvantages

A

permanent solution, can live normal life, need anti-reject meds, body may reject transplant, takes long time

33
Q

statins

A

reduce blood cholesterol levels, slows down rate of fatty materials deposit, reduces risk of CHD

34
Q

inhalation action and exhalation

A

diaphragm contracts and flatterns
intercostal muscles internal relax-external contact, volume of thoracic cavity increases, air pressure in thoracic cavity decreases, air is drawn into thoracic cavity
exhalation is opposite

35
Q

how does temperature affect rate of digestion

A

as temperature increases, so does rate of digestion until optimum then drops off

36
Q

xylem

A

cells- dead, made of lignin (strong)
direction of transpirt- up from roots to leaves
substance transported- water and mineral

37
Q

phloem

A

cell- living, have sieve plates
direction of transport- from where made to rest of plant
substance transported- dissolved sugars

38
Q

stomata

A

open and close controlled by guard cells, in the day it’s open for plant to photosynthesise (guard vells become turgid), in the night it’s closed as photosynthesis can’t take place so they lose water causing it to close

39
Q

transpiration

A

loss of water through the stomata by evaporation ,stream is constant movement of water molecules
best of its warm, dry and windy
measured with photometer

Biology (16 decks)

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