stuff i cant remeber

Question 1

mitosis definition

Answer 1

cell decision in eukaryotic cells, cell divides to produce two new identical copies

Question 2

mitosis process

Answer 2

normal boy cell has 4 chromosomes, copy of each chromosome is made (8), chromosomes become shorter and spindles start to appear, chromosomes line up at centre of cell, spindles draw chromosome copies to opposite ends of cell, cytoplasm and cell wall starts to divide, 2 new cells form each with 4 a chromosomes called daughter cells

Question 3

White blood cell, phagocyte

Answer 3

slightly bigger than RBC, has a lobed nucleus

Question 4

white blood cell, lymphocyte

Answer 4

has a large nucleus

Question 5

blood plasmid

Answer 5

straw coloured liquid

Question 6

platelets

Answer 6

fragments invoked in clotting the blood

Question 7

haemoglobin

Answer 7

consist of 4 polypeptide chains known as globins, attached to each chair is an iron-containing molecule know as haem

Question 8

artery function

Answer 8

carry blood away from heart

Question 9

artery structure

Answer 9

thick walls, small lumen, thick layer of muscles and elastic fibre

Question 10

artery colour of blood

Answer 10

red, oxygenated

Question 11

artery pressure

Answer 11

high

Question 12

does the artery have valves?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

vein function

Answer 13

to carry blood toward the heat

Question 14

vein structure

Answer 14

relatively thin walls, large lumen, often have valves

Question 15

colour of blood in veins

Answer 15

red/purple, deoxygenated

Question 16

pressure in veins

Answer 16

low

Question 17

cappillary function

Answer 17

connects arteries to veins in organs, exchange substances by diffusion

Question 18

capillary structure

Answer 18

walls a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen, very small

Question 19

blood colour in capillary

Answer 19

changes from bright red to dark red

Question 20

pressure in capillaries

Answer 20

low

Question 21

are there valve sin capillaries?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

the heart

Answer 22

made of cardiac muscle, pumps blood around the body, coronary arteries supply heart with oxygen and glucose for respiration releasing energy for contraction of heart

Question 23

route of the blood

Answer 23

deoxygenated blood-vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, semi-lunar valves, pulmonary artery.
oxygenated blood- pulmonary vein, left atrium, tricuspid valves, left ventricle, semi lunar valves, aortia

Question 24

pacemaker

Answer 24

resting heart rate control by a group of cells in right atrium walls acting as pacemaker
artificial pacemakers correct irregularities I heart rate

Question 25

CHD

Answer 25

fat try build up in coronary arteries narrow ing and reducing blood flow which can result in cardiac arrest or heart attack

Question 26

CHD treatment

Answer 26

a ballon can be inserted with a stent which opens the blockage

Question 27

faulty valves

Answer 27

valves can become faulty preventing it from opening fully or the heart valve might develop a leak, faulty valves can be replaced

Question 28

advantages/disadvantages of mechanical valves

Answer 28

last a long time, but you have to take me medicine for rest of life

Question 29

advantages/disadvantages of biological valves

Answer 29

patient does not need medication, only lasts around 15 years, maybe challenge religious beliefs

Question 30

the cardiac cycle

Answer 30

heart beat begins when heart muscles Relaxand blood flows into the atria, atria contracts and valves open allowing blood into ventricles, ventricles contract causing blood to leave heart through arteries cycle repeats int self

Question 31

artificial heart advantages/disadvantages

Answer 31

keeps patient alive, no waiting for donor, can live relatively normL life till transplant, blood clots can form and drugs are needed to prevent, heavy and noisy

Question 32

heart transplant advantages/disadvantages

Answer 32

permanent solution, can live normal life, need anti-reject meds, body may reject transplant, takes long time

Question 33

statins

Answer 33

reduce blood cholesterol levels, slows down rate of fatty materials deposit, reduces risk of CHD

Question 34

inhalation action and exhalation

Answer 34

diaphragm contracts and flatterns intercostal muscles internal relax-external contact, volume of thoracic cavity increases, air pressure in thoracic cavity decreases, air is drawn into thoracic cavity exhalation is opposite

Question 35

how does temperature affect rate of digestion

Answer 35

as temperature increases, so does rate of digestion until optimum then drops off

Question 36

xylem

Answer 36

cells- dead, made of lignin (strong) direction of transpirt- up from roots to leaves substance transported- water and mineral

Question 37

phloem

Answer 37

cell- living, have sieve plates direction of transport- from where made to rest of plant substance transported- dissolved sugars

Question 38

stomata

Answer 38

open and close controlled by guard cells, in the day it's open for plant to photosynthesise (guard vells become turgid), in the night it's closed as photosynthesis can't take place so they lose water causing it to close

Question 39

transpiration

Answer 39

loss of water through the stomata by evaporation ,stream is constant movement of water molecules best of its warm, dry and windy measured with photometer