XLVI

Question 1

come up

Answer 1

1) if someone comes up to you, they come close to you, especially in order to speak to you
O”ne of the teachers came up and started talking to me.”
to
“A man came up to him and asked for a light.”
2) if someone comes up to a place, they travel north to the place where you are
to
“Why don’t you come up to New York for the weekend?”
3) if a subject comes up, people mention it and discuss it SYN arise
“His name came up in the conversation.”
“The subject of salaries didn’t come up.”
4) if a problem or difficulty comes up, it appears or starts to affect you SYN arise
“I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel our date – something’s come up.”
“The same problems come up every time.”
5) if a job or an opportunity comes up, it becomes available
“A vacancy has come up in the accounts department.”

Question 2

surge /sɜːdʒ/

Answer 2

1) to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction
surge forward/through etc
“The taxi surged forward.”
“The crowd surged through the gates.”
2) if a feeling surges or surges up, you begin to feel it very strongly
“She could feel anger surging inside her.”
3) if a large amount of a liquid, electricity, chemical etc surges, it moves very quickly and suddenly
“A wave surged up towards them.”
“Adrenalin surged through her veins.”
4) to suddenly increase SYN shoot up
“Oil prices surged.”
5) a sudden increase in amount or number
surge in/of
“a surge in food costs”
“a surge of reporters’ interest in his finances”
6) a sudden movement of a lot of people
surge of
“a surge of refugees into the country”

Question 3

stick around

Answer 3

to stay in a place a little longer, waiting for something to happen
“Perhaps you’d like to stick around and watch?”
“Tom will be sticking around for a while.”

1. درنگ کردن
2. تاخیر کردن
3. بانتظار چیزی بودن

Question 4

integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

Answer 4

1) if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective
integrate (something) into/with something
Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.
Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.
computers of different makes that integrate with each other
2) to become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or to help someone do this
integrate (somebody) into/with something
We’re looking for people who can integrate with a team.
Many children with learning difficulties are integrated into ordinary schools.
3) to end the practice of separating people of different races in schools, colleges etc SYN desegregate /diːˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/ OPP segregate /ˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/

Question 5

tier /tɪə/

Answer 5

1) one of several levels or layers that rise up one above the other
“The lower tier has 10,000 seats.”
in tiers
“Terraces of olive trees rose in tiers.”
two-tiered/three-tiered etc (=having two, three etc levels or layers)
“a three-tiered wedding cake”
2) one of several levels in an organization or system
tier of
“the most senior tier of management”
the first/second etc tier
“The second tier of the programme is in-house training.”
“a two-tier system of government”

Question 6

ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

Answer 6

seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously
“Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days.”
“a French film, starring the ubiquitous Gérard Depardieu”

1. همه جا حاضر
2. حاضر
3. موجود درهمه جا

Question 7

prevalence /ˈprevələns/

Answer 7

the fact that something is prevalent
prevalence of
“the prevalence of deafness in older age groups”

1. شیوع
2. رواج

Question 8

deaf /def/

Answer 8

physically unable to hear anything or unable to hear well → hearing impaired
“communication between deaf and hearing people”
“I think Mum’s going a bit deaf.”

کر

deafness => ناشنوایی

Question 9

exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə/

Answer 9

1) when someone is in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant
exposure to
“Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.”
2) the action of showing the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad
exposure of
“the exposure of his underground political activity”
exposure as
“her fear of exposure as a spy”
3) the attention that someone or something gets from newspapers, television etc SYN publicity
“The failure of their marriage has got a lot of exposure recently.”
4) the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life etc
exposure to
“The visit to Germany gave them exposure to the language.”

Question 10

halve /hɑːv/

Answer 10

1) to reduce something by a half
“Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.”
2) to cut or divide something into two equal pieces
“Halve the potatoes lengthwise.”