LIII Flashcards
superstition /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃən/
a belief that some objects or actions are lucky or unlucky, or that they cause events to happen, based on old ideas of magic
“the old superstition that walking under a ladder is unlucky”
- موهومات
- موهوم پرستی
خرافات
abstain /əbˈsteɪn/
1) to choose not to vote for or against something
“Six countries voted for the change, five voted against, and two abstained.”
2) to not do or have something you enjoy, especially alcohol or sex, usually for reasons of religion or health
abstain from
“Pilots must abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before flying.”
- خودداری کردن
- پرهیز کردن
- امتناع کردن
perceive /pəˈsiːv/
1) to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way → perception
perceive something/somebody as something
“Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.”
perceive something/somebody to be something
“Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear.”
“Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.”
2 formal to notice, see, or recognize something → perceptive
“That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood.”
“Cats are not able to perceive colour.”
- درک کردن
- فهمیدن
- دریافتن
- حس کردن
perception /pəˈsepʃən/
- ادراک
- درک
- احساس
- دریافت
- مشاهده
gesticulate /dʒeˈstɪkjəleɪt/
to make movements with your arms and hands, usually while speaking, because you are excited, angry, or cannot think of the right words to use SYN gesture
“Jane gesticulated wildly and shouted ‘Stop! Stop!’”
- با ژست فهماندن
- با سر و دست اشاره کردن
- ضمن صحبت اشارات سر و دست بکار بردن
come about
1) to happen, especially in a way that is not planned
“The opportunity to get into computing came about quite by accident.”
“How did this situation come about?”
2) if a ship comes about, it changes direction
hold /həʊld/
1) to have a particular opinion or belief
“Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease.”
be widely/generally/commonly held (=be the opinion of a lot of people)
“This view is not widely held.”
be held to be something
“She was held to be one of the most talented actors of her time.”
hold that
“The judge held that the child’s interests in this case must come first.”
2) to continue to be true, good, available etc
“What I said yesterday holds.”
“Does your invitation still hold?”
hold true/good
“Twenty years on, his advice still holds good.”
weather/luck holds (out) (=continues to be good)
“If our luck holds, we could reach the final.”
given
1) any particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example
“On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.”
2) previously arranged SYN specific
“The wrapping machine was pre-set to wrap a given number of biscuits.”
3) to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do
“He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.”
take something as given =>
to accept that something is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument
“The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given.”
encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/
1) to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc
“The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.”
2) to completely cover or surround something
“The houses encompassed about 100 square metres.”
- در بر گرفتن
- دور گرفتن
- احاطه کردن
- حلقه زدن
- دارا بودن
- شامل بودن
- محاصره کردن
substandard /ˌsʌbˈstændəd/
not as good as the average, and not acceptable → non-standard, standard
“substandard housing”
pigeonhole /ˈpɪdʒənhəʊl/
1) [noun] one of a set of small open boxes fixed to a wall. You leave letters, messages etc for particular people in the boxes.
“I left a copy of the report in your pigeonhole.”
2) [verb] to unfairly consider a person, activity etc as belonging to a particular type or group SYN label
pigeonhole somebody/something as something
“Patsy was pigeonholed as a Country and Western singer, but that’s too simple.”
