XLIII

Question 1

correlation /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/

Answer 1

a connection between two ideas, facts etc, especially when one may be the cause of the other
correlation between
“a strong correlation between urban deprivation and poor health”
strong/high/close/significant etc correlation
“There is a direct correlation between the best-known brands and the best-selling brands.”
correlation with
“There’s also some correlation with social class.”

1. ارتباط
2. هم بستگی
3. ربط
4. بستگی دو چیز با هم

Question 2

causation /kɔːˈzeɪʃən/

Answer 2

the action of causing something to happen or exist

نسب میان علت ومعلول

Question 3

circulatory /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪtəri/

Answer 3

relating to the movement of blood around your body

“the heart and circulatory system”

Question 4

gulf /ɡʌlf/

Answer 4

1) a large area of sea partly enclosed by land
“the Gulf of Mexico”
2) a great difference and lack of understanding between two groups of people, especially in their beliefs, opinions, and way of life SYN gap
gulf between
“the huge gulf between management and unions”

Question 5

friction /ˈfrɪkʃən/

Answer 5

1) disagreement, angry feelings, or unfriendliness between people SYN tension
cause/create friction
“Having my mother living with us causes friction at home.”
friction between
“the usual frictions between parents and their teenage children”
friction with
“His independent attitude was a constant source of friction with his boss.”
2) technical the natural force that prevents one surface from sliding easily over another surface
“Putting oil on both surfaces reduces friction.”
3) when one surface rubs against another
“Check your rope frequently, as friction against the rock can wear it away.”

1. اصطکاک
2. اختلاف
3. سایش

Question 6

contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

Answer 6

1) to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in
contribute to/towards
“City employees cannot contribute to political campaigns.”
contribute something to/towards something
“The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.”
2) to help to make something happen → contributory
“Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.”
contribute to
“Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.”
contribute substantially/significantly/greatly etc to something
“His work contributed substantially to our knowledge of the disease and how to treat it.”
3) to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazine → contributor
contribute to
“one of several authors contributing to the book”

2. شرکت کردن در
3. همکاری و کمک کردن
4. هم بخشی کردن

Question 7

rite /raɪt/

Answer 7

a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes → ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/
“funeral rites”

1. مراسم
2. تشریفات مذهبی

Question 8

yodel /ˈjəʊdl/

Answer 8

to sing while changing between your natural voice and a very high voice, traditionally done in the mountains of countries such as Switzerland and Austria

Question 9

obstruction /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

Answer 9

1) when something blocks a road, passage, tube etc, or the thing that blocks it SYN blockage
“an operation to remove an obstruction from her throat
Police can remove a vehicle that is causing an obstruction.”
obstruction of
“an unlawful obstruction of the highway”
2) when someone or something prevents or delays a legal or political process
obstruction of
“the obstruction of vital legislation”
“He was found guilty of obstruction of justice.”
3) an offence in football, hockey etc in which a player gets between an opponent and the ball

1. انسداد
2. گرفتگی
3. سختی
4. جلو گیری

Question 10

explosive /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/

Answer 10

1) able or likely to explode
“Because the gas is highly explosive, it needs to be kept
in high-pressure containers.”
“A small explosive device (=bomb) was set off outside the UN headquarters today.”
2) relating to or like an explosion
“the explosive force of volcanoes”
3) likely to become violent or to cause feelings of violence
“He’s good at defusing potentially explosive situations.”
“the explosive issue of uncontrolled immigration”
4) showing sudden strong or angry emotion
“Both men suddenly spoke in the same explosive tone of
voice.”
5) increasing suddenly or quickly in amount or number
“the explosive growth of microcomputers”
6) an explosive sound is sudden and loud

1. منفجر شونده
2. محترق