LXVII

Question 1

disturbance /dɪˈstɜːbəns/

Answer 1

1) a situation in which people behave violently in public
“There were disturbances in the crowd as fans left the stadium.”
create/cause a disturbance
“army training on controlling civil disturbance”
2) something that interrupts what you are doing, or the act of making this happen
“We arrange the work so there’s as little disturbance as possible.”
disturbance to
“When a helicopter lands, it can cause a disturbance to local residents.”
3) a medical condition in which someone is mentally ill and does not behave normally
“a history of mental disturbance”

1. اختلال
2. مزاحمت
3. اشوب
4. پریشانی

Question 2

steer /stɪə/

Answer 2

1) to control the direction a vehicle is going, for example by turning a wheel
“He was steering with only one hand.”
steer for/towards etc
“Steer towards the left.”
2) to guide someone’s behaviour or the way a situation develops
steer somebody towards/away from/through etc something
“Teachers try to steer pupils away from drugs.”
“Helen tried to steer the conversation away from herself.”
3) to be in charge of an organization, team etc and make decisions that help it to be successful, especially during a difficult time
steer something through/to etc something
“McKinney steered the company through the recession.”
4) to guide someone to a place, especially while touching them
steer somebody towards/to etc something
“Joel steered Don and Louise towards the backyard.”
5) a young male cow whose sex organs have been removed

1. هدایت کردن
2. راندن
3. اداره کردن
4. راهنمایی کردن
5. بردن
6. گوساله پرواری

Question 3

exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

Answer 3

1) a situation in which you treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but give them very little in return – used to show disapproval
exploitation of
“The film industry thrives on the sexual exploitation of women.”
2) the development and use of minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry
exploitation of
“the controlled exploitation of resources”
commercial/economic exploitation
3) the full and effective use of something
exploitation of
“greater exploitation of these data”
4) an attempt to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly
exploitation of
“the exploitation of religion for political ends”

1. بهره برداری
2. استثمار
3. استخراج

Question 4

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/

Answer 4

1) a hard shiny substance that is put onto metal, clay etc for decoration or protection
2) the hard smooth outer surface of your teeth
3) a type of paint that produces a shiny surface when it is dry
4) to cover or decorate with enamel

1. مینا
2. لعاب

Question 5

pungent /ˈpʌndʒənt/

Answer 5

1) having a strong taste or smell
pungent smell/aroma/odour etc
“the pungent odour of garlic”
2) pungent speech or writing is clever and direct, and usually criticizes someone or something strongly
“He expressed some fairly pungent criticisms.”

1. تند
2. تیز
3. زننده

Question 6

inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪə/

Answer 6

to ask someone for information
“‘Why are you doing that?’ the boy inquired.”
inquire about
“I am writing to inquire about your advertisement in ‘The Times’.”
inquire whether/why/how etc
“The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.”
inquire something of somebody
“‘Where’s the station?’ she inquired of a passer-by.”
“Toby would have liked to inquire further”

1. تحقیق کردن
2. جویا شدن
3. پرسش کردن
4. سوال کردن

Question 7

perceive /pəˈsiːv/

Answer 7

1) to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way → perception
perceive something/somebody as something
“Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.”
perceive something/somebody to be something
“Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear.”
“Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.”
2) to notice, see, or recognize something → perceptive
“That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood.”
“Cats are not able to perceive colour.”
perceive that
“He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis.”

1. درک کردن
2. فهمیدن
3. دریافتن
4. حس کردن
5. مشاهده کردن
6. دیدن
7. ملاحظه کردن

Question 8

obtuse /əbˈtjuːs/

Answer 8

1) [of an angle] more than 90° and less than 180°.
“an obtuse angle of 150°”
2) slow to understand things, in a way that is annoying
“‘But why?’ said Charles, being deliberately obtuse.”

1. منفرجه
2. کند ذهن

Question 9

instance /ˈɪnstəns/

Answer 9

1) an example of a particular kind of situation
instance of
“They came across many instances of discrimination.”
instance where/when
“instances where safety regulations have been breached”
“In this instance I think she was mistaken.”
2) to give something as an example
“She instanced the first chapter as proof of his skill in constructing scenes.”

for instance => for example
“We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.”

in the first instance => at the beginning of a series of actions
“Anyone wishing to join the society should apply in the first instance to the secretary.”

at somebody’s instance => because of someone’s wish or request

Question 10

disseminate /dɪˈseməneɪt/

Answer 10

to spread information or ideas to as many people as possible
“Her findings have been widely disseminated.”

dissemination /dɪˌseməˈneɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
“the dissemination of information”

منتشر کردن