LV

Question 1

grip /ɡrɪp/

Answer 1

1) the way you hold something tightly, or your ability to do this
“Hold the microphone in a firm grip and keep it still.”
2) power and control over someone or something
have/keep a grip on something
“Stalin’s determination to keep an iron grip on Eastern Europe”
3) an understanding of something
have/get a grip on something
“I’m just trying to get a grip on what’s happening.”
4) to hold something very tightly
“I gripped the rail and tried not to look down.”
5) to have a strong effect on someone or something
“a country gripped by economic problems”

2. چنگ
3. ادراک و دریافت
4. چسبیدن به
5. محکم گرفتن

Question 2

consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

Answer 2

1) the amount of energy, oil, electricity etc that is used → consume
energy/fuel etc consumption
“dramatic rises in fuel consumption”
2) the act of eating or drinking → consume
consumption of
“The consumption of alcohol on the premises is forbidden.”
fit/unfit for human consumption (=safe or not safe to eat)
“The meat was declared unfit for human consumption.”
3) the amount of a substance that people eat, drink, smoke etc
alcohol/tobacco/caffeine etc consumption
“The Government wants to reduce tobacco consumption by 40%.”
4) the act of buying and using products → consume, consumer
“art intended for mass consumption”

Question 3

precedent /ˈpresɪdənt/

Answer 3

1) an action or official decision that can be used to give support to later actions or decisions
“a legal precedent”
set/create a precedent
“UN involvement in the country’s affairs would set a dangerous precedent.”
precedent for
“precedents for what courts will accept as ‘fair’”
2) something of the same type that has happened or existed before
precedent for
“There’s not much precedent for men taking leave when their baby is born.”
without precedent
“An epidemic on this scale is without precedent.”
3) the way that things have always been done
break with precedent (=do something in a new way)

Question 4

skyrocket /ˈskaɪˌrɒkɪt/

Answer 4

if a price or an amount skyrockets, it greatly increases very quickly
“The trade deficit has skyrocketed.”
“skyrocketing inflation”

Question 5

desperate /ˈdespərət/

Answer 5

1) willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger
“I had no money left and was desperate.”
“Time was running out and we were getting desperate.”
“the missing teenager’s desperate parents”
desperate with
“She was desperate with fear.”
2) needing or wanting something very much
desperate for
“The team is desperate for a win.”
“I was desperate for a cigarette.”
desperate to do something
“He was desperate to get a job.”
3) a desperate situation is very bad or serious
“a desperate shortage of doctors”
“We’re in desperate need of help.”

Question 6

commute /kəˈmjuːt/

Answer 6

to regularly travel a long distance to get to work
commute to/from/between
“Jim commutes to Manhattan every day.”

commute a sentence (to something) => to change the punishment given to a criminal to one that is less severe
“Baldry’s 20-year prison sentence was commuted to three years.”

Question 7

alias /ˈeɪliəs/

Answer 7

1) used when giving someone’s real name, especially an actor’s or a criminal’s name, together with another name they use
“‘Friends’ star Jennifer Aniston, alias Rachel Green”
“Carlos, alias “The Jackal’, is wanted by police in several countries.”
2) a false name, usually used by a criminal
“a spy operating under the alias Barsad”

Question 8

peacock /ˈpiːkɒk/

Answer 8

طاووس

Question 9

census /ˈsensəs/

Answer 9

1) an official process of counting a country’s population and finding out about the people
2) an official process of counting something for government planning
“a traffic census”

1. سرشماری
2. امار

Question 10

lapse /læps/

Answer 10

1) a short period of time during which you fail to do something well or properly, often caused by not being careful
momentary/temporary/occasional etc lapse
“Despite the occasional lapse, this was a fine performance by the young saxophonist.”
lapse in
“lapses in security”
lapse of
“A single lapse of concentration cost Sampras the game.”
memory lapses (=when you cannot remember something for a short time).
2) a failure to do something you should do, especially to behave correctly
“He forgot to offer Darren a drink, but Marie did not appear to notice the lapse.”
3) a period of time between two events
The usual time lapse between request and delivery is two days.
lapse of
“a lapse of about ten seconds”
4) to gradually come to an end or to stop for a period of time
“The conversation lapsed.”
2) if a contract, agreement etc lapses, it comes to an end, usually because an agreed time limit has passed
“Your booking will automatically lapse unless you confirm it.”
5) to stop believing in or following a religion
“those people who have lapsed from the practice of their religion”
6) formal if a period of time lapses, it passes
“Many years had lapsed since her first visit to Wexford.”