X Social - Milgram X

Question 1

background

Answer 1

historians thought Germans had basic defect for following orders
Milgram set out to test this

Question 2

aim

Answer 2

To investigate process of obedience by testing how far ordinary Americans would go obeying authority

Question 3

sample

Answer 3

40 self selecting (volunteers)
men aged 20-50
no students
payed $4.00
wealthier men - New Haven

Question 4

procedure

Answer 4

.confederate and participant ‘randomly’ pick teacher/learner role. participant always teacher
.Teacher watches learner be strapped to chair, with electrodes strapped to his arms
.Teacher given test shock of 45V
.learner given set of words to remember, every time he gets one wrong, he is shocked (increases each time 15-450)
.distress shown at 300V
.further distress at 315V, followed by no answer (silence)
.ends after 450V or if teacher quits

Question 5

prods given if teacher hesitates

Answer 5

please continue
experiment requires you to continue
essential you continue
no other choice, you must go on

Question 6

controls

Answer 6

same experimenter
confederate
when complaints were made
fixed lottery
4 prods
test shock
word pair task
shock generator

Question 7

quantitative results

Answer 7

65% went to 450v
no one left before 300v
14 participants showed nervous laughter
3 had seizures due to pressure

Question 8

qualitative results

Answer 8

sweating, trembling groaning
"its not fair"
"It'll hurt his heart"
"I cant go on with this"
"Its not very humane"

Question 9

conclusions

Answer 9

participants has strong tendancies to obey
caused emotional strain on each participant
Germans aren’t any different

Question 10

ethical guidelines broken

Answer 10

protection from harm (3 seizures)
deception (told was memory study/no shocks given)
right to withdraw (researcher prods)
informed consent (told was memory study)

Question 11

ethics kept (2)

Answer 11

confidentiality (identities not revealed)

debrief (teachers met learners and told true aims)

Question 12

internally reliable?

Answer 12

Yes- highly controlled research, participants had same experiences

Question 13

externally reliable?

Answer 13

Yes- 40 men is large sample

Question 14

internally valid?

Answer 14

No- payment may have influenced participants

No- highly regarded Uni (Yale)may have influenced participants

Question 15

externally valid (population)

Answer 15

No- Only men (androcentric)
Yes- wide age range
No- ethnocentric (only studied Americans)
Yes- repeated in different cultures with similar results

Question 16

externally valid (ecological)

Answer 16

No- not every day you shock people

Yes- follow obedience every day, this is just a more intense version