Developmental - Bandura

Question 1

aim

Answer 1

to see whether children would imitate adults’ aggressive behaviour

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

72 children from Stanford uni nursery
aged 3-6
mean age of 52 months
equal gender ratio
opportunity sample

Question 3

procedure stage 1

Answer 3

Stage 1 (aggressive model condition):
.child taken individually into a room and given toys to play with (potato printing, stickers etc)
.Adult (model) sat on other table with tinker toys (bobo doll, mallet etc)
.model played with tinker toys for 1 min before aggressively playing with bobo doll and yelling phrases

Stage 1 (non aggressive model condition)
.Same, but model ignored bobo doll and just played with tinker toys

Control group:
.no prior exposure to the adult models

Question 4

procedure stage 2

Answer 4

.children taken to smaller room
.given attractive toys (pram, cars, doll etc)
.after 2 mins told only for the ‘best children’, so taken to new room

Question 5

procedure stage 3

Answer 5

.new room is same as first room but also has more aggressive toys (dart gun, ball hung from ceiling etc)
.non aggressive toys included tea set and crayons
.20mins of playing while being observed through 1 way mirror
.every 5 mins notes made on behaviour

Question 6

qualitative results

Answer 6

.boys more likely to imitate same sex model than girls
.boys more physically aggressive than girls
.girls more verbally aggressive when female model
.comments made by both model and child “sock him”, “hit him down” “kick him”

Question 7

quantitative results

Answer 7

.boys mean number of physically aggressive acts with same sex models = 25.8 (1.5 non aggressive model)
.girls was only 5.5 (2.5 non aggressive model)

Question 8

conclusions

Answer 8

.supports idea that observing behaviour produces imitative behaviour, more than if not observed
.moves on from behaviourist view (Skinner) that behaviour would only be shown if repeated and rewarded

Question 9

internal reliability

Answer 9

Yes- high levels of controls

Question 10

was there inter rater reliability

Answer 10

Yes- scored 0.89 on rater reliability test before study

Question 11

external reliability

Answer 11

No- only 6 in each condition

Question 12

internally valid (construct)

Answer 12

Yes- measures what set out to

Yes- controlled EV’s

Question 13

external validity (ecological)

Answer 13

No- don’t watch adults play with toys
No- usually with parents or other children
Yes- children unaware of the experiment
Yes- toys were true to life

Question 14

external validity (population)

Answer 14

No- ethnocentric

Yes- equal gender split

Question 15

ethics kept

Answer 15

Consent (not informed)

Confidentiality (identities not revealed)

Question 16

ethics broken

Answer 16

Deception - not told true aims
Informed consent - not told true aims
Protection from harm - some dangerous toys
Withdrawal - children unaware of study
Debrief - not told to be unaggressive in future (would they understand?)

Question 17

controls

Answer 17

same toys for each child
same time in each room for each child
same instructions

Question 18

IV’s

Answer 18

model behaviour
model sex
child sex