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A level Psychology > Experiments (1) > Flashcards

Experiments (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of experiment

A

Laboratory, Field, Quasi

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2
Q

lab strengths (3)

A

.highly controlled
.manipulate the IV
.can be replicated

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3
Q

lab weaknesses (3)

A

.cant generalise to real life setting (lack of ecological validity)
.more effort/time/money
.participant may change behaviour

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4
Q

field strengths (4)

A

.cheaper
,ecologically valid
.easy to get sample
.higher internal validity

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5
Q

field weaknesses (3)

A

.lots of EVs
.participants may have different experiences
.hard to get consent (less ethical)
.harder to replicate

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6
Q

quasi strengths

A

.high ecological validity (IV not manipulated) so true to life
.helps us study variables we cant manipulate

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7
Q

quasi weaknesses (3)

A

.difficult to conduct
.cant control some participant variables
.cant be replicated

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8
Q

experimental designs

A

repeated measures design
independent measures design
matched participants design

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9
Q

repeated measures strengths

A

.reduces participant variables

.easier to get sample - less people

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10
Q

repeated measures weaknesses

A

.order effects

.demand characteristics

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11
Q

independent measures strengths

A

.no order effects

.reduced demand characteristics

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12
Q

independent measures weaknesses (2)

A

.participant variables

.more effort to collect sample

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13
Q

matched participants strengths (4)

A

.reduced participants variables
.no order effects
.lower chance of demand characteristics
.counterbalancing

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14
Q

matched participants weaknesses

A

.more effort to find people

.cant control all EVs by matching

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15
Q

participant variables

A

characteristics of an individual that may affect results e.g age, gender, experience

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16
Q

situational variables

A

features of the research that may affect results e.g order effects

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17
Q

environmental factors

A

factors of the environment that could affect results e.g weather

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18
Q

demand characteristics

A

cues in an experiment that communicate to participants what is expected of them and may unconsciously affect behaviour

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19
Q

alternative hypothesis

A

IV will affect DV

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20
Q

null hypothesis

A

IV wont affect DV

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21
Q

two tailed hypothesis

A

IV will have significant effect on DV, but does not say direction

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22
Q

one tailed hypothesis

A

IV will have significant effect on DV, and does say direction

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23
Q

sampling methods

A

self selecting
random
opportunity
snowball

24
Q

self selecting strengths (2)

A

consent

easy to get participants

25
Q

self selecting weaknesses (2)

A

not everyone may see advert
could be expensive
participant variables - all same type of person

26
Q

random strengths (3)

A

no researcher bias
more likely to be generalisable
equal chance to be picked

27
Q

random weaknesses (2)

A

equal chance to be picked could lead to anomalies

may have unwilling participants

28
Q

opportunity strengths (2)

A

convenient (easy to obtain)

consent

29
Q

opportunity weaknesses (2)

A

unrepresentative

researcher bias

30
Q

snowball strengths (1)

A

easy to obtain

31
Q

snowball weaknesses (2)

A

participant variables

cant generalise

32
Q

ethical considerations (7)

A 
informed consent (respect)
right to withdraw (respect)
confidentiality (respect)
protection from harm (responsibility)
debrief (responsibility)
deception (integrity)
only give relevant info (competence)
33
Q

primary data

A

collecting data directly ourselves

34
Q

secondary data

A

analyse already existing data

35
Q

quantitative strengths (4)

A

easy to interpret
no researcher bias
easy to compare
establish reliability

36
Q

quantitative weaknesses (2)

A

no reasoning

low ecological validity - may not represent everyday behaviour

37
Q

qualitative strengths (2)

A

detailed

shows reasoning

38
Q

qualitative weaknesses (3)

A

hard to compare
cant present in a graph/table
hard to analyse

39
Q

measures of dispersion methods

A

range
variance
standard deviation

40
Q

variance

A

score - mean score (d)
d squared
divide sum of d squared numbers by n-1

41
Q

standard deviation

A

square root of the variance

42
Q

single blind

A

participant doesn’t know true aims of study

43
Q

double blind

A

participant and researcher don’t know true aims of study

44
Q

internal reliability

A

was it standardised and replicable

45
Q

external reliability

A

was sample large enough to be consistent?

46
Q

internal validity

A

was it testing what it set out to?

47
Q

external validity (population)

A

can the sample be generalised from?

48
Q

external validity (ecological)

A

was it true to life?

49
Q

longitudinal study strengths (3)

A

.controls participant variables
.measures change over time
.highly valid (population)

50
Q

longitudinal study weaknesses (4)

A

.cant control some EV’s e.g upbringing
.time consuming
.drop out - need large sample
.expensive

51
Q

cross cultural research strengths

A

.less ethnocentric
.investigates nature vs nurture
.generalise to larger population

52
Q

cross cultural research weaknesses

A

.time consuming
.language barrier
.expensive
.more effort

53
Q

ethical considerations - respect

A

informed consent
right to withdraw
confidentiality

54
Q

ethical considerations - responsibility

A

debrief

protection from harm

55
Q

ethical considerations - integrity

A

deception

56
Q

ethical considerations - competence

A

only give relevant information

A level Psychology (20 decks)

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