Extra Bits (1) Flashcards
Pie charts level of data
Nominal level data
Line graphs type of data
Change over time
Histogram type of data
Continuous data
Bar chart type of data
Discrete data
5 Inferential statistics tests
Mann-Whitney U test Willcoxon Signed Ranked test Chi Square Binomial Sign test Spearman’s Rho
Independent x nominal
Chi-square
Independent x ordinal
Mann Whitney U
Repeated/matched x nominal
Binomial
Repeated/matched x ordinal
Wilcoxon signed ranked
Correlation x nominal
N/a
Correlation x ordinal
Spearman’s Rho
3 criteria for parametric tests
Interval/ratio level data
Curve of normal distribution
Similar variances
Standard level of significance
1 in 20
0.05
P> 0.05
Null hypothesis supported
Results down to chance
P
Alternative hypothesis supported
Results down to change in IV
P
Alternative hypothesis strongly supported
Probability of results being down to chance are less than/equal to 1 in 100
Type 1 errors
False positive
Alternative hypothesis mistakenly accepted
Type 2 errors
False negative
Alternative hypothesis mistakenly rejected
Positively skewed
Downhill
Negatively skewed
Uphill
OC
Is proportional to
~
Approximately
chi square calculated value
fo - fe
square it
divide by fe
chi square fo
fo = observed frequency (what the frequency was)
chi square expected frequency
fe = expected frequency (R x C / T)
chi square degrees of freedom
total no. of rows - 1 x total no.of columns -1
