Developmental contemporary - Chaney et al

Question 1

operant conditioning

Answer 1

.use reinforcement/punishment to teach behaviour

.association of behaviour with a consequence

Question 2

positive reinforcement

Answer 2

reward when someone does well

Question 3

negative reinforcement

Answer 3

removal of negative stimulus when correct behaviour occurs

Question 4

aim

Answer 4

to see if operant conditioning can be used to get children to use inhalers correctly

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

32 children (22 boys vs 10 girls)
Australia
1.5 - 6 y/o
asthmatics

Question 6

sample recruitment

Answer 6

random sampling

recruited from 7 GP clinics

Question 7

IV

Answer 7

whether child uses funhaler or normal inhaler

Question 8

DV

Answer 8

.attitudes of children and parents towards medication

Question 9

DV

Answer 9

.attitudes of children and parents towards medication
.how often children took medication
.difficulty children had with medication

Question 10

key features of funhaler

Answer 10

whistle
spinner
mouthpiece
chamber
inhaler

Question 11

procedure

Answer 11

.parents of children recruited via GP
.parents contacted and given questionnaire to fill out
.Given funhaler to win for 2 weeks
.parents contacted randomly to see if they’d used funhaler the previous day
.after the 2 weeks, given new questionnaire
.second questionnaire measured: adherence, how frequently child medicated, parent/child attitudes to funhaler

Question 12

results

Answer 12

percentage of children who used inhaler day before: funhaler - 81% inhaler - 59%
children’s suspicion:
funhaler - 10% inhaler - 0%

Question 13

conclusions

Answer 13

.funhaler led to increase in use and correct use

.Parents less likely to give up and use nebuliser if using funhaler

Question 14

ethics kept

Answer 14

confidentiality
withdrawal
consent
protection from harm

Question 15

ethics broken

Answer 15

debrief

Question 16

internally reliable

Answer 16

yes - controlled e.g questionnaire

Question 17

externally reliable

Answer 17

no - only 32 participants, not large enough sample

Question 18

internal validity

Answer 18

no - social desirability (parents may want to seem better)

no - parents may not have followed instructions properly

Question 19

population validity

Answer 19

no - ethnocentric
yes - not androcentric
no - not a wide age range

Question 20

ecological validity

Answer 20

yes - natural environment

Question 21

links to debates

Answer 21

nurture - external influences on development
reductionist
psychology as a science
ethical considerations