Social - Piliavin et al

Question 1

background

Answer 1

.Darley and Latane experiment
.set up fake seizures to see who would help
.85% alone helped
.60% 1 other person
.30% four people
.Piliavin wanted to test this in a field experiment

Question 2

Bystander apathy

Answer 2

where people fail to help someone in need when others are present

Question 3

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 3

Where no one helps someone in need as they all think each other will do it. They think its the groups responsibility rather than their own

Question 4

Aim

Answer 4

does someones appearance affect the help they receive

Question 5

4 research questions

Answer 5

.Would it make a difference if the victim was perceived as drunk or ill?
.Would people be more likely to help someone of the same race?
.Would the amount of bystanders affect help given?
.Would having a model demonstrate helping behaviour affect help given?

Question 6

independent variables: victim

Answer 6

ill
drunk
black
white

Question 7

independent variables: model

Answer 7

critical area early
critical area late
adjacent are early
adjacent area late

Question 8

dependent variables (4)

Answer 8

.whether victims were helped or not
.number of people on carriage
.noted remarks
.race, sex and location of each observer

Question 9

procedure

Answer 9

.Daily on weekends from 11am - 3pm over 3 months
.same 2 train stops over a 7.5 minute period
.using team of uni students
.70s after train stop, one confederate would collapse
.always in the same place ‘critical area’
.observed by 2 observers
.victim appeared either ill or drunk
.race would vary
.in some groups a model would help victim
.number of passengers varied

Question 10

controls

Answer 10

where victim collapsed
what time
between same stop
how many observers

Question 11

sample

Answer 11

the passengers on board the 8th avenue subway express in NY
unaware of experiment
4450 participants over 3 months
55% white 45% black
43 average number of participants on carriage

Question 12

sampling method

Answer 12

opportunity sample

Question 13

quantitative results

Answer 13

95% helped cane (62/65)
50% helped drunk (19/38)
helped offered quicker to cane victim (5s compared to 109s median)
90% of first helpers were male

Question 14

qualitative results

Answer 14

.model had no affect - most helped straight away
.victims helped faster when 7 or more male passengers in the same carriage
.comments more often made by women:
“I wish i could help, but i’m not strong enough”
“its for men to help him”

Question 15

conclusions

Answer 15

state of victim affects likeliness of help received
males more likely to help than females
no diffusion of responsibility- faster help with more people

Question 16

explanation of findings

Answer 16

.passengers were trapped so had to help
.nothing else to do
.clear what the issue was (unlike Kitty Genovese)
.usually can either leave or help, but cant leave on a carriage