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LPN to RN > x Nursing 104 > Flashcards

x Nursing 104 Flashcards

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NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

Health

A

condition of physical, mental and social well being, not merely absence of disease.
-constant change and adaptation, NOT STATIC

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2
Q

Disease

A

dysfunction of body characterized by clinical SS’s.

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3
Q

Diagnosis implies…

A

course, duration, communicability, prognosis and treatment

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4
Q

Illness

A

when person feels unhealthy/ill, may or may not be related to disease.

-Only person can say they feel ill

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5
Q

Acute Illness

A
  • rapid onset
  • short duration
  • usually reversible
  • can be life threatening
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6
Q

Chronic Illness

A
  • gradual
  • long duration
  • usually irreversible
  • may have remission/exacerbations
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7
Q

Wellness

A

active state of being health

-physical/mental/emotional

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8
Q

Wellness per Anspaugh

A
  • physical
  • social
  • emotional
  • intellectual
  • spiritual
  • occupational
  • environmental
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9
Q

Etiology

A

causation of disease

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10
Q

Etiology of Disease Stages

A

Stage 1: experience symptoms

2: assume sick role
3: assume dependent role
4: recovery/rehab

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11
Q

Travis Illness/Wellness Continuum

A

premature death Hi level wellness

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12
Q

Dunn on Wellness

A

Dunn (1980)
functioning to ones max potential while maintain balance and purposeful direction in envt.
-Good health is passive state when person is not ill (differentiated wellness from good health)
-encourage nurses to care for total person.

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13
Q

Dunn Hi Lev Wellness: WELLNESS

A

a continuous interaction btwn health and envt.

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14
Q

Dunn Hi Lev Wellness: HEALTH

A

peak wellness versus death

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15
Q

Dunn Hi Lev Wellness: ENVIRONMENT

A

very favorable vs very UNfavorable

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16
Q

Dunn Hi Lev Wellness: ENCOMPASSES

A

family, community, envt, societal issues that affect indiv health/wellness status

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17
Q

Dunn: 4 Levels of Wellness

A
  • Hi Level Wellness in FAVorable envt
  • Emergent Hi level wellness in UNfavorable envt
  • Protected poor health in FAVorable health envt
  • Poor health in UNfavorable envt
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18
Q

Rosenstock’s and Becker’s Health Belief Models

A

Assumed good health is goal of all people which could predict an individuals willingess to take advantage of preventive measures to maintain hi level of wellness

  • Becker modified this to include: *Perceived susceptibility
  • perceived seriousness
  • perceived threat
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19
Q

Leavell and Clark’s Model (1965)

A

Agent - Host - Envt

good for examining causes of disease in individual

  • Agent must be present of absent of illness to occur
  • Host is living organism capable of being infected
  • ALL interact with each other
  • predicts illness rather than promote wellness
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20
Q

Pender, Murdaugh, Parsons (2006)

A

Health Promotion Model

-how people interact w environ as they pursue health

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21
Q

Levels of Prevention

A
  • Primary: action to prevent occurrence of health probs (vaccine, annual phys)
  • Secondary: early id and tx of specific health probs, early dx, prompt tx
  • Tertiary: return client to highest level of fx possible, rehab
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22
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

SEE

  • N104 bk, pg 117-118
  • levels of anxiety, pg 118
  • health maintenance, Unit 4, study guide
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23
Q

Stress and Adaptation: Stimulus based model

A

Circumstances in life that produce physiological or psychological reactions that influence indiv response to illness

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24
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Hans Selye

  • biochemical model of stress
  • physiological response to stress that results from physical and emotional stressors
  • seen in severely injury or illness
  • GAS is factor in mental illness, social isolation and loss of human relationship
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25
Q

GAS Stages

A
  • Alarm: fight or flight
  • Stage of resistance (physiological an psychological adaptation takes place)
  • Stage of Exhaustion: body can’t maintain homeostasis
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26
Q

Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)

A
  • localized response
  • involve specific body part (tissue/organ)
  • homeostatic short term adaptive response
  • reflex pain/inflammatory response
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27
Q

LAS (Local Adaptation Syndrome) Responses

A

REFLEX:

  • response of CNS to pain
  • rapid/automatic
  • protective mechanism to prevent injury
  • require intact neurologic reflex arc (sensory and motor neurons)

INFLAMMATION
*local response to injury/infection
*localize and prevent spread, promote wound healing
*symptoms: pain, swelling, redness, heat, loss of functoin
Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, loss fx

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28
Q

Pysical Illness associated w Stress

A 
AUTOIMMUNE:
*graves (hyper thyroid)
*myasthenia gravis
*psoriasis
*ulcerative colitis
*rheumatoid arthritis
CARDIOVASCULAR
*HTN
*coronary artery disease
RESPIRATORY
*ashtma
GASTRO
*esophageal reflux
*constipation
*diarrhea
*ulcerative colitis
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29
Q

Transaction Based Model of Stress

A 
COGNITIVE
affective coping response arise from person/envt transaction
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSORS
*chemicals (drugs, poison, etoh)
PHYSICAL
*heat, cold, radiation, trauma, elec shock)
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
*Virus, bacteria, fungi)
IMMUNE
GENETIC
NUTRITIONAL
HYPOXIA
30
Q

Increased Stress S&S

A
  • dilated pupils
  • diaphoresis
  • UP heart rate, cardiac output
  • pallid skin
  • UP BP
  • UP Respiration
  • Urinary Output decrease
  • Mouth becomes dry
  • Peristalsis decreases
  • UP mental alertness
  • UP motor activity
  • UP Blood sugar
31
Q

F to C

A

deduct 32, x 5, / by 9

32
Q

C to F

A

x 9, / 5, +32

33
Q

WATCH

A

VIDS, 44/68

34
Q

5 types of Percussion sounds

A
  • Flatness (dull sound, very dense, (muscular or bone))
  • Dullness
  • Resonance
  • Resonance
  • Hyperresonance
  • Tympany
35
Q

Forms of Communications

A

-Verbal
-Nonverbal
-

36
Q

Denotative Meaning

A

literal definition of work

37
Q

Connotative Meaning

A

Implied

38
Q

Nonverbal Comm

A
  • body language
  • facial expression
  • posture
  • gait
  • eye contact (know culture)
  • touch (not on angry patient)
39
Q

Verbal Comm

A
  • vocabulary
  • denotative/connotatie
  • pacing
  • intonation
  • clarity/brevity
  • timing/relevance
  • humor (never AT the patient or their disease process)
  • credibility
40
Q

Therapeutic Comm

A

client centered

  • establish therap relationship
  • use of empathy, respect, genuineness, concrete (nurse maintain power and confidence), confrontation (say what you mean)
41
Q

Phases of Therapeutic Relationship

A

-PRE-INTERACTION
-orientation (when meet, establish trust, mutual introductions, exchange info ie. chief complaint)
-working relationship(nurse comm caring, pts express thoughts)
Termination: conclusion of relationship. Review plan of care, summarize (end of shift, discharge, end of appt etc)

42
Q

Communication Techniques

A
  • Active Listening (open posture, eye contact)
  • Establishing Trust (acknoledge, address by name, reply honestly, consistent)
  • Being Assertive ( confident, controlling conversation)
  • Restating Message
  • Clarifying Messages
  • Validating messages (am I making a correct interpretation)
  • Interpreting body language and sharing observatoins
  • Exploring issues
  • ask OPEN ENDED questions
  • Using Silence (remain attentive, demonstrates acceptance)
  • Summarizing Convo
43
Q

Therapeutic Comm Barriers

A

-asking too many questions (feel interrogated, suggest insensitivity)
-Fire-hosing Info: presenting lots of info
-Asking why? (criticism, try “what concerns do you have, tell me more about ….”)
-Changing subject inappropriately (try to redirect tangents smoothly)
-Failing to probe
-Express approval or disaproval
-Offering advice
-False Reassurance ( may feel dismissed, don’t say everything will be ok, we can’t promise that. do not mislead, instead say you are in good hands etc)
Stereotyping (don’t, can distort your assessment)
-Patronizing language (imply superiority)

44
Q

Types of Stressors

A
  • external (death, heat, hurricane)
  • Internal (disease, anxiety, neg self talk)
  • Developmental (predictable, various stages)
  • Situational (auto accid, illness, natural disaster)
  • Physiological: affect body structure of fx (chem, physical, mechanical, nutritional, biological, genetic, lifestyle)
  • Pshchosocial
45
Q

Response to stressors

A

GAS: General Adaptation Syndrome

  1. Alarm stage
  2. Resistance stage (adaptation)
  3. Exhaustion of Recovery
46
Q

Alam Stage

A
  1. Shock phase: brain to endocrine and sympathetic system

2. Countershock phase: person deals with threat.

47
Q

Resistance (Adaptaions)

A

Coping

48
Q

Exhaustion Stage

A

class 6, pg 23

49
Q

Local adaptation syndrome

A

class 6, pg 24

50
Q

Levels of Anxiety

A
  • MILD- heightened perception, optimal fxing
  • MODERATE-perceptual field narrows, focus on self, need to relieve discomfort, shorter atten span, rapid speach, up HR, UP perspiration, gastric discomfort
  • SEVERE - narrow focus. totally on themselves. concenration severly limited, prevents problmen solving, confusion : SS, ha, palpit, d/n/v, urinay freq, diar
  • PANIC: terror, impending doom, dilated pupils, labored breathing, palpitation, diaphoresis
51
Q

Sress Mgmt

A 
discharging tension
-exercise
-Relations (progressive/passive)
-Meditation
-Visualization/Imagery
-Biofeedback
-Acupuncture
etc
52
Q

Progressive relaxation

A

-contract muscle then intentionally relax, can be done head to toe

53
Q

Passive relaxation

A

-relaxing muscles without first contracting them

54
Q

Types of Learning

A
  • Cognitive
  • Psycho motor (mental and physical activity. Include sensory awareness of cues. i.e. performing finger stick, admin injection
  • Affective: changes in feeling, beliefs, attitudes, values. integrating new ideas in value system. i.e. chronic illness
55
Q

Antidote for Aspirin

A

Dialysis

56
Q

Antidote for Acetaminophen

A

N-Acetylcystine

57
Q

Antidote for Digitalis

A

Lidocaine

58
Q

CO

A

O2

59
Q

Narcotic

A

Narcan

60
Q

Cyanide

A

Sodium Nitrate

61
Q

Iron

A

Deferoxamine

62
Q

Ethylene Glycol

A

Ethanol

63
Q

Sounds levels above ? is painful and cause hearing los

A

120 decibels

64
Q

Disaster Level 1

A

local emergency response

65
Q

Disaster Level 2

A

Regional efforts

66
Q

Disaster Level 3

A

Local and regional AND statewide and federal aid

67
Q

Malfeasance

A

Right Med, Wrong Route - cause death

68
Q

5 rights

A

Right:

  • Patient
  • Medication
  • Dose
  • Route
  • Time
69
Q

5 rights

A

Right:

  • Patient
  • Medication
  • Dose
  • Route
  • Time
70
Q

Percutaneous

A

topical, effected through skin

71
Q

Percutaneous

A

topical, effected through skin

72
Q

USP NF

A

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF)

LPN to RN (13 decks)

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