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N213 Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A 
HIV/AIDS
Thrush
Hep B and C
Herpes
Yeast
STDs
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2
Q

HIV

A

.Retrovirus attacks CD4 cells
.Trans: blood, semen, breast milk, vag cerv secretions
.SS anorexia

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3
Q

SS of AIDS (subj)

A 
Anorexia
fatigue
dyspnea
chills
sore throat
weakness
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4
Q

SS of AIDS (obj)

A 
Night sweats
enlarged lymph nodes
wasting (>10%)
chronic diarrhea (>30 days)
chronic fever
memory loss
decreased coordination
opportunistic infection
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5
Q

AIDS Dx:

A

.ELISA Western Blot for HIV antibodies
.PCR, polymerase chain reaction for presence of HIV
**.low T4/CD4 (less than 200)
.Viral Load (amount of HIV in blood)

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6
Q

HIV related

Opportunistic infections

A 
.Pnemocystis Carinii Pna
.TB
.Kaposi's sarcoma
.bcell lymphoma
.thrush
.wasting syndrome
.HIV encephalopathy
.Toxoplasmosis
.Kaposi's herpes zoster
.HPV cervical neoplasia
.Mycobacterium avium (MAC)
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7
Q

HIV mm: ABT

A

.Biaxin and Zithromax for MAC

.Trimethoprim for PCP

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8
Q

HIV MM: Antifungals

A

.Amphotericin B, Diflucan (memingitis)

.Nystatin swish (thrush)

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9
Q

HIV MM: Antivirals

A

Ganciclovir for CMV (leading cause of blindness in AIDS)

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10
Q

HIV mm: Antidiarrheal

A

Sandostatin

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11
Q

HIV Antivirals mech of action

A

inhibit, decrease viral replication

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12
Q

HIV Antivirals: NRTIs (nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase)

A

AZT, Retrovir

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13
Q

HIV Antivirals: Protease Inhib

A

Invirase, Ritonavir, Crixivan

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14
Q

HIV Antivirals: NNRTIs (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A

Viramune

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15
Q

HIV Nutr Supp

A 
.carlorie count
.oral supp
.parental
.appetite stim
.synthetic oral progesterone (megace UP fat stores)
.Marinol (decrease nausea/anorexia)
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16
Q

HEB B

A

.target liver
.blood bourne
.immun 3 shots

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17
Q

HBsAg

A

1st marker for HepB surface antigen (UP for >6mos) = CHRONIC

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18
Q

IgM anti HBc

A

dx for HBV (hepB)

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19
Q

IgG anti HBx

A

marker of past infection (hepB) pg 11

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20
Q

HEP C

A 
.Most common chronic bb infection 
.blood bourne (bb)
.Dx: Serologic essays for HEPC RNA
.Plus Dx: EIA test pos 
.Meds for Chronic: Interferon, Ribavirin
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21
Q

HepC Meds

A

.Interferon

.Ribavirin

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22
Q

Bacterial STDs

A

gonorrhea
chlamydia
syphilis

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23
Q

Viral STDs

A

warts

herpes

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24
Q

Herpes Simplex 2

A

.caused by herp 2

.geneital tract/perenium

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25
Q

Herpes2 SS

A

burning, tingling, vesicula lesions

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26
Q

Herpes2 Dx

A

tissue culture

27
Q

Herpes2 Tx

A

Acyclovir, Valtrex, Famvir

28
Q

Herpes Simplex (herpes labialis) HSV1

A

small painful blisters on lips, mouth, gums, tongue, skin around mouth (“cold shores/fever blisters”)
.latend 2-12 days after inection
.activated by colds, flu, stress, sun/wind

29
Q

HSV1 Tx:

A

.lesions 10-14 days
.Acyclovir, Valacyclovir
.tylenol/opioids for pain
.topical xylocaine, HerpacinL, Abrea (docusanol)

30
Q

Fungal Yeast types: Tinea …

A 
.Capitis: scalp
.Corporis: round, oval (ring worm)
.Cruris: jock itch
.Pedis: athlete's foot
.Candidiasis: yeast infection
31
Q

Pulmonary Fungal Infection

A

.seriously ill on steroids, aids, immunospressive meds etc.

.Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis

32
Q

Gonorrhea

A

.2nd most
.Neisseria Gonorrheoeas (g neg)
.direct contact

33
Q

Gonorrhea SS

A

urethritis, purulent urethral discharge 2-5 days after inf.

Women - asymptomatic

34
Q

Gonorrhea Complication

A

prostatitis, urethral strictures, sterility, PID, ectopic preg

35
Q

Gonorrhea Tx

A

Rocephin IM

36
Q

Syphilis

A

.caused Treponema pallidum

. sex contact, needles

37
Q

Syphillis SS

A

.PAINLESS cancres, fever, sore throat, h/a, fatigue, lymphadenopathy

38
Q

Syphillis Tx

A

Penicillin

39
Q

Chlamydia

A

.most common
.by Chlamydia Trachomatis
.may cause PID, ectopic preg, infertility
.Neonates r/f pna in first 30days

40
Q

Chlamydia Tx

A

.Vibramycin/Zithromax
.Amoxicillin/Docycline
.Erythromycin

41
Q

Genital Herpes

A

.by HSV2

.genital/perineum

42
Q

Genital Herpes: SS

A

burning/tingling, lesions

43
Q

Genital Herpes: DX

A

tissue culture

44
Q

Genital Herpes: Tx

A

Acyclovir, Valtrex, Famvir

45
Q

Gardnerella

A

frothy, grey/white discharge, fishy odor, vaginal pink mucosa

Tx: Flagyl

46
Q

Vulvitis

A

wear cotton undies

Tx: Flagyl

47
Q

Trich

A

frothy, green, yellow foul discharge, tender red vaginal mucosa
Tx: Flagyl

48
Q

TB

A 
.by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.BACTERIA
.Airborne
. Ghon Lesion (encapsulated bacteria after exposure)
.bact remains dormant until SS appear
49
Q

TB: SS

A 
.asymptomatic
.fever w night sweats
.anorexia, wt loss
.malaise, fatigue
.cough/hemoptysis
.dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain on inspiration
.cavitation or calicification visible on xray
.pos sputum culture
50
Q

TB:NI

A 
.resp isolation
.cough into tissue/dispose
.meds 9-12mos
.wash hands
.sputum culture
.return to work after 3 NEG Cultures
51
Q

TB:TX

A

.INH (isoniazid) B6
.Rifampin (orange body fluids)
.Ethambutol (check vision)
COMPLETE REGIMEN

52
Q

Pharyngitis

A

.sudden pharynx inflam
.<25 (5-15)
.mostly VIRAL

53
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

.result of RSV (Respiratory Synctial Virus)
.infants
.CONTAGIOUS
.thick secretions
.SS paroxysmal coughing, nasal flaring, prolonged expiration, wheezing
.develops shallow respiration

54
Q

Mononucleosis

A

.acute, self limiting
.by EBV
.droplet airborne, saliva
SS: fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, fatigue
.EBV Titer test >1:29
TX: bed rest, saline gargle, analgesic. SS over in 7-10d, Fatigue ends 2-3wks

55
Q

H. Influenza (FLU)

A 
.productive cough
.lo fever, chills. 
.Bacteremia common
.Chest Xray: multibar, patch bronchopna or areas of consolidation.
.one or more lobes.
56
Q

H Influemza: TX

A

.Ampicillin
.3rd/4th generation cephalosporin macrolines (axithromycin, clarithromycin)
.Fluoroquinolones

57
Q

H. Influenza: Complicatins

A 
.lung abcess
.pleural effusion
.meningitis
.arthritis
.pericarditis
.Epiglottis
58
Q

Streptococcal Pna

A

.community acquired pna
.by Streptococcus pneumoniae
.elderly, etoh, copd

59
Q

Streptococcal Pna: SS

A 
.abrubt onset
.toxic appearance
.pleuritic chest pain
.one or more lobes
.bacteremia in 15-25% pts
60
Q

Strep Pna: Tx

A

.penicillin
.cefotaxime
.ceftriaxone
.fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin)

61
Q

Strep Pna: Complication

A

.shock
.pleural effusion
.pericarditis
.otitis media

62
Q

Strep Throat

A

.airborne droplet, direct contact
.SS: sore throat, chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes neck, throat red, tonsils white exudate
Dx: culture
Tx: PCN 10days. Erythromycin

63
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

inflammatory disease of heart . Rheumatic heart disease results from RFever. Scarring, deformity of heart valves.
.Acute Rheu Fever (ARF): group A strep pharyngistis ad affects heart, joint, CNS, skin

64
Q

ARF (Acute Rheum Fever):SS

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