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N213 Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A 
HIV/AIDS
Thrush
Hep B and C
Herpes
Yeast
STDs
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2
Q

HIV

A

.Retrovirus attacks CD4 cells
.Trans: blood, semen, breast milk, vag cerv secretions
.SS anorexia

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3
Q

SS of AIDS (subj)

A 
Anorexia
fatigue
dyspnea
chills
sore throat
weakness
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4
Q

SS of AIDS (obj)

A 
Night sweats
enlarged lymph nodes
wasting (>10%)
chronic diarrhea (>30 days)
chronic fever
memory loss
decreased coordination
opportunistic infection
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5
Q

AIDS Dx:

A

.ELISA Western Blot for HIV antibodies
.PCR, polymerase chain reaction for presence of HIV
**.low T4/CD4 (less than 200)
.Viral Load (amount of HIV in blood)

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6
Q

HIV related

Opportunistic infections

A 
.Pnemocystis Carinii Pna
.TB
.Kaposi's sarcoma
.bcell lymphoma
.thrush
.wasting syndrome
.HIV encephalopathy
.Toxoplasmosis
.Kaposi's herpes zoster
.HPV cervical neoplasia
.Mycobacterium avium (MAC)
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7
Q

HIV mm: ABT

A

.Biaxin and Zithromax for MAC

.Trimethoprim for PCP

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8
Q

HIV MM: Antifungals

A

.Amphotericin B, Diflucan (memingitis)

.Nystatin swish (thrush)

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9
Q

HIV MM: Antivirals

A

Ganciclovir for CMV (leading cause of blindness in AIDS)

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10
Q

HIV mm: Antidiarrheal

A

Sandostatin

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11
Q

HIV Antivirals mech of action

A

inhibit, decrease viral replication

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12
Q

HIV Antivirals: NRTIs (nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase)

A

AZT, Retrovir

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13
Q

HIV Antivirals: Protease Inhib

A

Invirase, Ritonavir, Crixivan

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14
Q

HIV Antivirals: NNRTIs (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A

Viramune

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15
Q

HIV Nutr Supp

A 
.carlorie count
.oral supp
.parental
.appetite stim
.synthetic oral progesterone (megace UP fat stores)
.Marinol (decrease nausea/anorexia)
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16
Q

HEB B

A

.target liver
.blood bourne
.immun 3 shots

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17
Q

HBsAg

A

1st marker for HepB surface antigen (UP for >6mos) = CHRONIC

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18
Q

IgM anti HBc

A

dx for HBV (hepB)

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19
Q

IgG anti HBx

A

marker of past infection (hepB) pg 11

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20
Q

HEP C

A 
.Most common chronic bb infection 
.blood bourne (bb)
.Dx: Serologic essays for HEPC RNA
.Plus Dx: EIA test pos 
.Meds for Chronic: Interferon, Ribavirin
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21
Q

HepC Meds

A

.Interferon

.Ribavirin

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22
Q

Bacterial STDs

A

gonorrhea
chlamydia
syphilis

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23
Q

Viral STDs

A

warts

herpes

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24
Q

Herpes Simplex 2

A

.caused by herp 2

.geneital tract/perenium

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25
Herpes2 SS
burning, tingling, vesicula lesions
26
Herpes2 Dx
tissue culture
27
Herpes2 Tx
Acyclovir, Valtrex, Famvir
28
Herpes Simplex (herpes labialis) HSV1
small painful blisters on lips, mouth, gums, tongue, skin around mouth ("cold shores/fever blisters") .latend 2-12 days after inection .activated by colds, flu, stress, sun/wind
29
HSV1 Tx:
.lesions 10-14 days .Acyclovir, Valacyclovir .tylenol/opioids for pain .topical xylocaine, HerpacinL, Abrea (docusanol)
30
Fungal Yeast types: Tinea ...
``` .Capitis: scalp .Corporis: round, oval (ring worm) .Cruris: jock itch .Pedis: athlete's foot .Candidiasis: yeast infection ```
31
Pulmonary Fungal Infection
.seriously ill on steroids, aids, immunospressive meds etc. | .Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis
32
Gonorrhea
.2nd most .Neisseria Gonorrheoeas (g neg) .direct contact
33
Gonorrhea SS
urethritis, purulent urethral discharge 2-5 days after inf. | Women - asymptomatic
34
Gonorrhea Complication
prostatitis, urethral strictures, sterility, PID, ectopic preg
35
Gonorrhea Tx
Rocephin IM
36
Syphilis
.caused Treponema pallidum | . sex contact, needles
37
Syphillis SS
.PAINLESS cancres, fever, sore throat, h/a, fatigue, lymphadenopathy
38
Syphillis Tx
Penicillin
39
Chlamydia
.most common .by Chlamydia Trachomatis .may cause PID, ectopic preg, infertility .Neonates r/f pna in first 30days
40
Chlamydia Tx
.Vibramycin/Zithromax .Amoxicillin/Docycline .Erythromycin
41
Genital Herpes
.by HSV2 | .genital/perineum
42
Genital Herpes: SS
burning/tingling, lesions
43
Genital Herpes: DX
tissue culture
44
Genital Herpes: Tx
Acyclovir, Valtrex, Famvir
45
Gardnerella
frothy, grey/white discharge, fishy odor, vaginal pink mucosa Tx: Flagyl
46
Vulvitis
wear cotton undies | Tx: Flagyl
47
Trich
frothy, green, yellow foul discharge, tender red vaginal mucosa Tx: Flagyl
48
TB
``` .by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .BACTERIA .Airborne . Ghon Lesion (encapsulated bacteria after exposure) .bact remains dormant until SS appear ```
49
TB: SS
``` .asymptomatic .fever w night sweats .anorexia, wt loss .malaise, fatigue .cough/hemoptysis .dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain on inspiration .cavitation or calicification visible on xray .pos sputum culture ```
50
TB:NI
``` .resp isolation .cough into tissue/dispose .meds 9-12mos .wash hands .sputum culture .return to work after 3 NEG Cultures ```
51
TB:TX
.INH (isoniazid) B6 .Rifampin (orange body fluids) .Ethambutol (check vision) COMPLETE REGIMEN
52
Pharyngitis
.sudden pharynx inflam .<25 (5-15) .mostly VIRAL
53
Bronchiolitis
.result of RSV (Respiratory Synctial Virus) .infants .CONTAGIOUS .thick secretions .SS paroxysmal coughing, nasal flaring, prolonged expiration, wheezing .develops shallow respiration
54
Mononucleosis
.acute, self limiting .by EBV .droplet airborne, saliva SS: fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, fatigue .EBV Titer test >1:29 TX: bed rest, saline gargle, analgesic. SS over in 7-10d, Fatigue ends 2-3wks
55
H. Influenza (FLU)
``` .productive cough .lo fever, chills. .Bacteremia common .Chest Xray: multibar, patch bronchopna or areas of consolidation. .one or more lobes. ```
56
H Influemza: TX
.Ampicillin .3rd/4th generation cephalosporin macrolines (axithromycin, clarithromycin) .Fluoroquinolones
57
H. Influenza: Complicatins
``` .lung abcess .pleural effusion .meningitis .arthritis .pericarditis .Epiglottis ```
58
Streptococcal Pna
.community acquired pna .by Streptococcus pneumoniae .elderly, etoh, copd
59
Streptococcal Pna: SS
``` .abrubt onset .toxic appearance .pleuritic chest pain .one or more lobes .bacteremia in 15-25% pts ```
60
Strep Pna: Tx
.penicillin .cefotaxime .ceftriaxone .fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin)
61
Strep Pna: Complication
.shock .pleural effusion .pericarditis .otitis media
62
Strep Throat
.airborne droplet, direct contact .SS: sore throat, chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes neck, throat red, tonsils white exudate Dx: culture Tx: PCN 10days. Erythromycin
63
Rheumatic Fever
inflammatory disease of heart . Rheumatic heart disease results from RFever. Scarring, deformity of heart valves. .Acute Rheu Fever (ARF): group A strep pharyngistis ad affects heart, joint, CNS, skin
64
ARF (Acute Rheum Fever):SS
pg 54

LPN to RN (13 decks)

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