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LPN to RN > x Micro, 5, Disease Resistance, Immune System > Flashcards

x Micro, 5, Disease Resistance, Immune System Flashcards

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NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

Pathology

A

study of disease

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2
Q

Etiology

A

cause of disease

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3
Q

Etiological agent

A

the agent of disease, the “bug

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4
Q

Pathogenesis

A

the way a disease develops

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5
Q

Infection

A

invasion of body by microorgs

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6
Q

Infestation

A

invasion

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7
Q

Symbiosis

A

relationship btwn hose and micro, living together

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8
Q

3 types of Symbiosis

A
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
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9
Q

Virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity

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10
Q

Microbrial Antagonism

A

competition btwn microbes

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11
Q

Progress of Disease

A

Incubation, Latency, Subclinical, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence

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12
Q

Clinical Disease

A

stage when patient begins to show SS

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13
Q

Subclinical Disease

A

when person sick, but no obvious ss

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14
Q

Communicable Disease

A

transmitted directly or indirectly from one host to another

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15
Q

Contagious Disease

A

disease easily spread from one person to another

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16
Q

Noncommunicable Disease

A

disease not transmitted from one to another

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17
Q

Types of Disease

A

Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic

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18
Q

Endemic

A

.

19
Q

Epidemic

A

.

20
Q

Pandemic

A

.

21
Q

Reservoir of infection

A

sources of infection

22
Q

Reserve

A

source of supply

23
Q

Carrier

A

had disease and recovered but continues to shed infectious organisms to human carrier

24
Q

Zoonoses

A

animal disease spread to human (rabies, lyme)

25
Q

non-living reservoir

A

soil/water (botulism, tetanus)

26
Q

LD50

A

Dose of microorgs that will kill 50% of hosts

27
Q

Mucin

A

sticky protein traps microbes nad diret and protects inner bdy

28
Q

Ciliary escalator

A

microbes trapped in mucus transported away from lungs.

29
Q

Lysozyme

A

enzyme that breaks down cell wall

30
Q

Process of Phagocytosis

A
  • Attachment
  • Ingestion
  • Phagosome (bubble like organelle)
  • Lysosome (digestive enzymes)
  • Residual Body (indigestible material)
  • Egestion (indigestible material expelled)
31
Q

Opsonization

A

Microorgs coated by protein to make them more easily phagocytized. (M&Ms)

32
Q

Body’s natural response to tissue injury

A

-redness, pain, heat, swelling, loss of fx

33
Q

Inflammation process

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Chemicals (histamines, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotriens)
  3. Margination (walling off localized infection))
  4. Adhesion (leukocytes adhere to endothelial cells in response to cytokines)
  5. Migration (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophage into tissue)
  6. Tissue Repair (stroma or parenchyma produce new cells)
34
Q

Chemicals released by Inflammatoin

A
  • Histamine
  • Kinins
  • Prostaglandins
  • Leukotrienes
35
Q

Haptens

A

little bad guys

36
Q

5 classes of Antibodies

A

IgM - 1st to appear (First responders, EMT)

IgG - 2nd common (lasting immun)

IgA - in external secretions, mucus, tears, GI etc (wet/sticky)

IgD - very small amount on B-Lyphocyte (sensor)

IgE - Allergy

37
Q

Active Immun

A

your body makes it

38
Q

Natural Active

A

you naturally got pox and body made antibodies

39
Q

Artificial Active

A

vaccine

40
Q

Passive Immun

A

you don’t make anti. you receive from outside source.

41
Q

Natural Passive

A

mom –> baby

42
Q

Artificial Passive

A

Antibody from outside. (rabies shot)

43
Q

Attenuated Vaccine

A

LIVE

44
Q

4 types of Hypersensititivity

A

1,2,3, - Immediate
4- delayed

1 - anaphylactic
2 - Cytotoxic
3 - Imm Complex Hypersensitivity
4 - Hypersensitivity

LPN to RN (13 decks)

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