x exam 2 vessel formation

Question 1

what is the major pathway to supply blood to body

Answer 1

dorsal aorta

Question 2

dorsal aorta is initially ____ and runs _____

Answer 2

paired (left and right); length of hte embryo

Question 3

left and right dorsal aorta _____ most of length of body

Answer 3

fuse to give single dorsal aorta

Question 4

dorsal aorta form

Answer 4

vaculognesis and angiogenesis

mesoderm, dorsal to primitive gut (endoderm)

Question 5

hear is ventrally located in embryo and developing gut is

Answer 5

interposed between heart and dorsal aorta

Question 6

system of ___ aortic arches branch from ascending aorta around developing gut (pharyngeal region) to dorsal aorta

Answer 6

6 pairs

Question 7

1st pair of aortic arches do what

Answer 7

disappear in development

Question 8

2nd pair of aortic arches do what

Answer 8

disappear in development

Question 9

3rd pair of aortic arches form

Answer 9

common carotid arteries

Question 10

4th pair of aortic arches form

Answer 10

left: aortic arch and left subclavian artery
right: right sublcavian artery

Question 11

5th pair of aortic arches

Answer 11

usually absent in mammals

Question 12

6th pair of aortic arches form

Answer 12

left: left pulmonary artery; ductus arteriosus
right: right pulmonary artery

Question 13

ventral unpaired branches off the developing dorsal aorta include

Answer 13

celiac, cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric

Question 14

lateral paired branches from dorsal aorta form vessels to supply

Answer 14

adrenal glands (phrenicoabdominal, +/- separate adrenal artery)
gonads (testicular ovarian)
kidneys (renal)

Question 15

dorsolateral paired branches of dorsal aorta include

Answer 15

intersegmental arteries that supply body wall, vertebral column, spinal cord and pelvic limbs including vertebral arteries, intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries

Question 16

caudal most pair of lumbar arteries gives rise to

Answer 16

umbilical artery, external and internal iliac artery

Question 17

vein formation: ___ systems develop

Answer 17

3; vitelline, umbilical, and cardinal

Question 18

vitelline system drains

Answer 18

GIT and gut derivatives

Question 19

vitelline system forms

Answer 19

liver sinusoids
hepatic portal system
part of caudal vena cava
ductus venosus

Question 20

vitelline system develops in the

Answer 20

yolk sac

Question 21

umbilical system develops in the

Answer 21

allantois

Question 22

umbilical system carries _____ blood from _____ to ____

Answer 22

oxygenated blood from placenta to developing fetus

Question 23

umbilical system initially forms

Answer 23

right and left umbilical vein; right disappears and left anastomoses with ductus venosus of liver

Question 24

cardinal system develops in and drains

Answer 24

rest of the embryo (head, neck, and body wall)

Question 25

cardinal system series of complex systems begin as

Answer 25

bilaterally symmetrical

Question 26

cardinal system anastomoses,

Answer 26

loss of one side, or other, or both occurs

Question 27

cardinal system persists as

Answer 27

caudal vena cava, azygous system

Question 28

hematopoiesis

Answer 28

process of blood cell formation

Question 29

blood islands are formed from

Answer 29

yolk sac mesoderm, 1st source of blood cells

Question 30

core of embryonic hemoblasts surrounded by

Answer 30

endothelial cells

Question 31

when do primitive blood cells circulate

Answer 31

as soon as connections are established

Question 32

blood cell fomration in organs lasts for

Answer 32

a majority of gestation, ceases by birth

Question 33

blood cells formed in organs

Answer 33

RBC and WBC stem cells | Liver, spleen, thymus

Question 34

finally, ____ forms blood cells

Answer 34

bone marrow (major source in last trimester to adulthood)

Question 35

vasculogenesis

Answer 35

new vessel, de novo

Question 36

angiogenesis

Answer 36

growth, sprouting of a vessel to a target

Question 37

steps in vasculogenesis

Answer 37

1. core embryonic hemoblasts surrounded by flattened endothelial cells (blood islands) - endothelial cells join to form blood vessels, then vessel precursors lengthen and interconnect

Question 38

similar process occurs in mesoderm of embryo, forming ______ giving rise to _____

Answer 38

angiogenic cords giving rise to dorsal aorta and aortic arches

Question 39

angiogenesis

Answer 39

angioblasts to angiocytes to angiogenic cords to blood vessels

Question 40

once started, process is ____ driven

Answer 40

target

Question 41

minor vessels

Answer 41

support membrane tissue, no exchange (pnly vessels in amnion and non-placental chorion)

Question 42

major vessels

Answer 42

transport to /from embryo body (yolk sac and allantoic membrane)

Question 43

exchange vessesl

Answer 43

placental chorion

Question 44

where chorion in contact with yolk sac

Answer 44

choriovitelline placenta

Question 45

where chorion in contact with allantois

Answer 45

chorioallantoic placenta

Question 46

yolk sac responsible for

Answer 46

nutrient exchange (not associated with chorion)

Question 47

chorion associated with

Answer 47

gas exchange

Question 48

connect areas of chorion and allantois responsible for

Answer 48

transport

Question 49

angiocytes

Answer 49

endothelial cells