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Embryology > x exam 2 vessel formation > Flashcards

x exam 2 vessel formation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the major pathway to supply blood to body

A

dorsal aorta

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2
Q

dorsal aorta is initially ____ and runs _____

A

paired (left and right); length of hte embryo

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3
Q

left and right dorsal aorta _____ most of length of body

A

fuse to give single dorsal aorta

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4
Q

dorsal aorta form

A

vaculognesis and angiogenesis

mesoderm, dorsal to primitive gut (endoderm)

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5
Q

hear is ventrally located in embryo and developing gut is

A

interposed between heart and dorsal aorta

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6
Q

system of ___ aortic arches branch from ascending aorta around developing gut (pharyngeal region) to dorsal aorta

A

6 pairs

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7
Q

1st pair of aortic arches do what

A

disappear in development

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8
Q

2nd pair of aortic arches do what

A

disappear in development

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9
Q

3rd pair of aortic arches form

A

common carotid arteries

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10
Q

4th pair of aortic arches form

A

left: aortic arch and left subclavian artery
right: right sublcavian artery

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11
Q

5th pair of aortic arches

A

usually absent in mammals

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12
Q

6th pair of aortic arches form

A

left: left pulmonary artery; ductus arteriosus
right: right pulmonary artery

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13
Q

ventral unpaired branches off the developing dorsal aorta include

A

celiac, cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric

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14
Q

lateral paired branches from dorsal aorta form vessels to supply

A 
adrenal glands (phrenicoabdominal, +/- separate adrenal artery)
gonads (testicular ovarian)
kidneys (renal)
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15
Q

dorsolateral paired branches of dorsal aorta include

A

intersegmental arteries that supply body wall, vertebral column, spinal cord and pelvic limbs including vertebral arteries, intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries

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16
Q

caudal most pair of lumbar arteries gives rise to

A

umbilical artery, external and internal iliac artery

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17
Q

vein formation: ___ systems develop

A

3; vitelline, umbilical, and cardinal

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18
Q

vitelline system drains

A

GIT and gut derivatives

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19
Q

vitelline system forms

A

liver sinusoids
hepatic portal system
part of caudal vena cava
ductus venosus

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20
Q

vitelline system develops in the

21
Q

umbilical system develops in the

22
Q

umbilical system carries _____ blood from _____ to ____

A

oxygenated blood from placenta to developing fetus

23
Q

umbilical system initially forms

A

right and left umbilical vein; right disappears and left anastomoses with ductus venosus of liver

24
Q

cardinal system develops in and drains

A

rest of the embryo (head, neck, and body wall)

25
Q

cardinal system series of complex systems begin as

A

bilaterally symmetrical

26
Q

cardinal system anastomoses,

A

loss of one side, or other, or both occurs

27
Q

cardinal system persists as

A

caudal vena cava, azygous system

28
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of blood cell formation

29
Q

blood islands are formed from

A

yolk sac mesoderm, 1st source of blood cells

30
Q

core of embryonic hemoblasts surrounded by

A

endothelial cells

31
Q

when do primitive blood cells circulate

A

as soon as connections are established

32
Q

blood cell fomration in organs lasts for

A

a majority of gestation, ceases by birth

33
Q

blood cells formed in organs

A

RBC and WBC stem cells

Liver, spleen, thymus

34
Q

finally, ____ forms blood cells

A

bone marrow (major source in last trimester to adulthood)

35
Q

vasculogenesis

A

new vessel, de novo

36
Q

angiogenesis

A

growth, sprouting of a vessel to a target

37
Q

steps in vasculogenesis

A
  1. core embryonic hemoblasts surrounded by flattened endothelial cells (blood islands) - endothelial cells join to form blood vessels, then vessel precursors lengthen and interconnect
38
Q

similar process occurs in mesoderm of embryo, forming ______ giving rise to _____

A

angiogenic cords giving rise to dorsal aorta and aortic arches

39
Q

angiogenesis

A

angioblasts to angiocytes to angiogenic cords to blood vessels

40
Q

once started, process is ____ driven

41
Q

minor vessels

A

support membrane tissue, no exchange (pnly vessels in amnion and non-placental chorion)

42
Q

major vessels

A

transport to /from embryo body (yolk sac and allantoic membrane)

43
Q

exchange vessesl

A

placental chorion

44
Q

where chorion in contact with yolk sac

A

choriovitelline placenta

45
Q

where chorion in contact with allantois

A

chorioallantoic placenta

46
Q

yolk sac responsible for

A

nutrient exchange (not associated with chorion)

47
Q

chorion associated with

A

gas exchange

48
Q

connect areas of chorion and allantois responsible for

49
Q

angiocytes

A

endothelial cells

Embryology (18 decks)

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