x exam 2 digestive system development II Flashcards
1
Q
Foregut cranial most
A
pharyngeal pouches
2
Q
derivatives of pharyngeal pouches are
A
endodermal structurees
3
Q
1st pharyngeal pouch region/derivative
A
tympanic cavity and autitory tube
4
Q
2nd pharyngeal pouch region/derivative
A
palatine tonsil
5
Q
3rd pharyngeal pouch region/derivative
A
thymus; external parathyroid
6
Q
4th pharyngeal pouch
A
internal parathyroid
7
Q
6th pharyngeal pouch
A
C cells (parafollicular) of thyroid
8
Q
salivary glands originate from what layers
A
endoderm combined with ectoderm (primitive gut tube)
9
Q
salivary glands come from what pharyngeal structures
A
1st pharyngeal pouch + 1st pharyngeal celft
10
Q
parotid salivary gland is from
A
invagination between maxillary and mandibular processes
11
Q
manidbular and sublingual glands
A
evagination floor of oral cavity (mandibular processes)
12
Q
esophagus lengthens as ____ forms
A
heaert and lungs
13
Q
____ develops a junction of esophagus and pharynx
A
respiratory diverticulum
14
Q
respiratory diverticulum forms the
A
lung bud; respiratory primordium; respiratory system
15
Q
esophagus is ______ and lung bud is ____
A
dorsal; ventral
16
Q
cranial esophagus is not enveloped by
A
intraembryonic coelom
17
Q
cranial esophagus ends up in
A
mediastinum
18
Q
simple stomach is formed from
A
fusiform enlargement caudal to septum transversum
19
Q
simple stomach is initially _____
A
symmetrial
20
Q
dorsal wall grows ____ and forms the ____
A
faster; greater curvature
21
Q
ventral wall grows ____ and forms the _____
A
slower; lesser curvature
22
Q
simple stomach rotates on _____
A
2 axes
23
Q
craniocaudal (long) axis rotates
A
90 degrees clockwise
24
Q
left becomes
A
ventral
25
drosal (greater curvature) becomes
left
26
dorsoventral (short) axis rotates
90 degrees
27
dorsal (greater curvature) becomes
caudal
28
pylorus becomes
right
29
esophagus/fundus becomes
left
30
coelom forms as a split in
lateral plate mesoderm
31
coelom was on left and right even in region to be
peritoneal cavity
32
conecting mesentary begins both
dorsally and ventrally
33
what happens to dorsal mesentary
persists
34
what happens to most ventral mesentary
degenerates almost immediatley
35
what parts of the ventral mesentary persist
umbilical v. and aa.
36
stomach is suspended by
dorsal and venral mesogastrium
37
dorsal mesogastrium becomes the
greater omentum
38
dorsal mesogastrium attaches to
dorsal body wall to greater curvature
39
dorsal mesogastrium pulled ____
caudally and left during rotations of stomach
40
dorsal mesogastrium expands greatly in
fetal period (greater omentum)
41
dorsal mesogastrium folds on itself and creates
omental bursa
42
what develops within the omental bursa
spleen; entirely mesodermal
43
ventral mesogastrium goes from
lesser curvature to liver and duodenum
44
ventral mesogastrium becomes
lesser omentum
45
ventral mesogastrium continues to
ventral body wall from liver as as falciform lig
46
ruminant stomach is initially like
monogastric
47
ruminant stomach differential growth into
greater and lesser curvatures
48
ruminant stomach rotates
craniocaudal and dorsoventral axes
49
cranial and left expands greatly to become
rumen and reticulum
50
evagination of lesser curvature becomes
omasum
51
abomasum continues to
right
52
rumen rotates _____
dorsocaudally
53
blind end of rumen
caudal and left median plane
54
sets location of other parts of stomach and other
abdominal organs
55
at birth, capacity of abomasum is ____ other compartments
two times larger than
56
postnatal changes are induced by
diet
57
nursing/liquids in the first several weeks
rumen, reticulum, omasum have no role in digestion
| gastric groove: milk passes from esophagus to abomasum; allows milk to bypass rumen, reticulum, omasum
58
at 3 months
abomasum half size of rumen-reticulum
59
at 4 months
abomasum 1/4 size of rumen-reticulum
60
as an adult
abomasum is 1/10 size of rumen-reticulum
61
rumen-reticulum is ____ of stomach capacity
90%
62
hepatic diverticulum is an outgrowth of the
foregut; grows ventrally and cranially
63
hepatic diverticulum composed of
endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm
64
grows into _______
septum transversum; some connective tissue and blood vessels
65
growth of hepatic diverticulum surrounds
vitelline venous system; hepatic portal system and heaptic sinusoids
66
hepatic diverticulum ___ subdivisions
2
67
original diverticulum becomes
common bile duct
68
pars hepatica
liver
69
pars hepatica composed of
hepatocytes
| heptaic biliary ducts (lumen of primitive gut tube)
70
pars hepatica within
ventral mesentary (lesser omentum; falciform ligamenta nd umbilical vein)
71
pars cystica becomes
gall bladder and cystic duct
72
what species lack a gallbladder
equine, rats
| pars cystica atrophies
73
pancreas is formed from
2 diverticula of foregut; endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm
74
dorsal pancreatic diverticulum forms
accessory pancreatic
75
dorsal pancreatic diverticulum
lumen continued with foregut; duodenum at minor duodenal papilla
left lobe and accessory pancreatic
76
ventral pancreatic diverticulum
pancreatic duct and right lobe
| lumen continued with foregut; duodenum at major duodenal papilla
77
dorsal diverticulum becomes
left lobe of pancreas
78
ventral diverticulum becomes
right lobe
79
fuse at contact point
body
80
duct systems of each diverticulum ____
interconnect
81
species variation
persistence or not of terminal portion that connects duodenum
82
canine pancreatic duct
minor, may be absent
83
canine accessory pancreatic duct
major
84
feline pancreatic duct
major
85
feline accessory pancreatic duct
usually absent
86
equine pancreatic duct
major
87
equine accessory pancreatic duct
usually absent
88
bovine pancreatic duct
absent
89
bovine accessory pancreatic duct
major
90
caprine pancreatic duct
major
91
caprine accessory pancreatic duct
absent
92
ovine pancreatic duct
major
93
ovine accessory pancreatic duct
absent
94
swine pancreatic duct
present
95
swine accessory pancreatic duct
present
96
endodermal cell derivatives: maintain connection to duct system
acini (secretory enzymes)
97
endodermal cell derivatives: lose connection to duct system
islets (endocrine)
98
midgut is the
primary intestinal loop
99
_____ defines axis of primary intestinal loop
cranial mesenteric artery
100
descending (cranial) limb
duodenum (part), jejunum and ileum (part)
101
ascending (caudal) limb
ileum (part) ascending and transverse colon
102
cecum is advierticulum of
ascending portion
103
yolk stalk connects on
ventral curvature of apex of loop
104
physiologic umbilical hernia
primary intestinal loop extends; outgrowht of abdominal cavity into extraembryonic coelom; surrounded by wall of umbilica cord- covered by amnion;
105
majority of physiologic umbilical hernia is
jejunum
106
normal transient herniation occurs at
week 4 of gestation
107
midgut rotation relationship with
root of mesentary
108
midgut rotates total of
270 degrees
109
1st 90 degrees during
physiologic umbilica herniation; cranial to right
110
next 180 degress during
retraction; developing large intestine settles in arch around perimeter of abdominal cavity (descending colon on left)
111
midgut continues rotation around
cranial mesenteric artery
112
positions transverse colon passes
right to left cranial to cranial mesenteric artery
113
expansion of ascending colon and cecum after
physiologic hernia resolved
114
ruminant and porcine
cecum enlarges
| ascending colon expanded loop coils on itself = spiral colon
115
centripetal =
oral;
116
centrifugal
aboral
117
coil initially a ____ shape
cone; maintained in porcine
118
equine
cecum enlarges
| ascending colon expanded loop folds= dorsal and ventral colons
119
apex of loop
pelvic flexure
120
fold point =
dorsal and ventral diaphragmatic flexures
121
cecum is a diverticulum of
fetal ascending colon
122
_______ maintain this relationship
carnivores
123
ingest flow
ileum to ascending colon via ileocolic orifice
ascending colon to cecum to ascending colon via cecocolic orifice
ascending colon to right colic flexure to transverse colon
124
species with expansion of cecum and ascending colon: initial fetal ascending colon recieves
ileum incorporated into the cecum
125
ingesta flow
ileum to cecum to ascending colon
126
hindgut derivatives
aboral (distal) transverse colon
descending colon
cloaca
allantois (evagination from cloaca; extends through umblicus and enlarges into extraembryonic coelom)
127
distal end of primitive hindgut expands to become
cloaca
128
cloaca is partitioned by
urorectal septum or fold
129
dorsal
anorectal canal
130
ventral
urogenital sinus (connected to allantois)
131
anorectal canal becomes
rectum and part of anal canal
132
urorectal septum grow
caudally fuses with cloacal membrane
133
dorsal part of cloacal membrane
anal membrane
134
ventral part of cloacal membrane
urogenital membrane
135
surface covering area becomes
perineum
136
anal canal centered at
anal membrane
137
cranial to anal membrane
endoderm lined
138
caudal to anal membrane
ectoderm lined
139
membrane degenrates
patent anal canal
140
urogenital sinus
keeps connection to allantois
141
region of cranial urogenital sinus and initial allantois becomes
urinary bladder
142
part of allantois from apex of urinary bladder to umbilicus
urachus
143
part of allantois passing in umbilical cord
allanatoic stalk
144
part of allantois expanding into extraembronic coelom is
allantois
145
mesentary of urogenital sinus dorsal
lateral ligament of urinary baldder (umbilical artery)
146
mesentary of urogential sinus ventral
median ligament of urinary bladder; (umbilica aa and urachus)
147
after birth, dorsal lateral ligament of urinary bladder
persists
148
umbilical artery becomes
round ligament of urinary bladders
149
after birth, ventral median ligament of urinary bladder
persists
150
umbilical artery
degenerates
151
urachus
degenerates
