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Embryology > x exam 2 digestive system development II > Flashcards

x exam 2 digestive system development II Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut cranial most

A

pharyngeal pouches

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2
Q

derivatives of pharyngeal pouches are

A

endodermal structurees

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3
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch region/derivative

A

tympanic cavity and autitory tube

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4
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch region/derivative

A

palatine tonsil

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5
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch region/derivative

A

thymus; external parathyroid

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6
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch

A

internal parathyroid

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7
Q

6th pharyngeal pouch

A

C cells (parafollicular) of thyroid

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8
Q

salivary glands originate from what layers

A

endoderm combined with ectoderm (primitive gut tube)

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9
Q

salivary glands come from what pharyngeal structures

A

1st pharyngeal pouch + 1st pharyngeal celft

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10
Q

parotid salivary gland is from

A

invagination between maxillary and mandibular processes

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11
Q

manidbular and sublingual glands

A

evagination floor of oral cavity (mandibular processes)

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12
Q

esophagus lengthens as ____ forms

A

heaert and lungs

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13
Q

____ develops a junction of esophagus and pharynx

A

respiratory diverticulum

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14
Q

respiratory diverticulum forms the

A

lung bud; respiratory primordium; respiratory system

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15
Q

esophagus is ______ and lung bud is ____

A

dorsal; ventral

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16
Q

cranial esophagus is not enveloped by

A

intraembryonic coelom

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17
Q

cranial esophagus ends up in

A

mediastinum

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18
Q

simple stomach is formed from

A

fusiform enlargement caudal to septum transversum

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19
Q

simple stomach is initially _____

A

symmetrial

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20
Q

dorsal wall grows ____ and forms the ____

A

faster; greater curvature

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21
Q

ventral wall grows ____ and forms the _____

A

slower; lesser curvature

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22
Q

simple stomach rotates on _____

A

2 axes

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23
Q

craniocaudal (long) axis rotates

A

90 degrees clockwise

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24
Q

left becomes

A

ventral

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25
Q

drosal (greater curvature) becomes

A

left

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26
Q

dorsoventral (short) axis rotates

A

90 degrees

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27
Q

dorsal (greater curvature) becomes

A

caudal

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28
Q

pylorus becomes

A

right

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29
Q

esophagus/fundus becomes

A

left

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30
Q

coelom forms as a split in

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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31
Q

coelom was on left and right even in region to be

A

peritoneal cavity

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32
Q

conecting mesentary begins both

A

dorsally and ventrally

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33
Q

what happens to dorsal mesentary

A

persists

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34
Q

what happens to most ventral mesentary

A

degenerates almost immediatley

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35
Q

what parts of the ventral mesentary persist

A

umbilical v. and aa.

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36
Q

stomach is suspended by

A

dorsal and venral mesogastrium

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37
Q

dorsal mesogastrium becomes the

A

greater omentum

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38
Q

dorsal mesogastrium attaches to

A

dorsal body wall to greater curvature

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39
Q

dorsal mesogastrium pulled ____

A

caudally and left during rotations of stomach

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40
Q

dorsal mesogastrium expands greatly in

A

fetal period (greater omentum)

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41
Q

dorsal mesogastrium folds on itself and creates

A

omental bursa

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42
Q

what develops within the omental bursa

A

spleen; entirely mesodermal

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43
Q

ventral mesogastrium goes from

A

lesser curvature to liver and duodenum

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44
Q

ventral mesogastrium becomes

A

lesser omentum

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45
Q

ventral mesogastrium continues to

A

ventral body wall from liver as as falciform lig

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46
Q

ruminant stomach is initially like

A

monogastric

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47
Q

ruminant stomach differential growth into

A

greater and lesser curvatures

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48
Q

ruminant stomach rotates

A

craniocaudal and dorsoventral axes

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49
Q

cranial and left expands greatly to become

A

rumen and reticulum

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50
Q

evagination of lesser curvature becomes

A

omasum

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51
Q

abomasum continues to

A

right

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52
Q

rumen rotates _____

A

dorsocaudally

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53
Q

blind end of rumen

A

caudal and left median plane

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54
Q

sets location of other parts of stomach and other

A

abdominal organs

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55
Q

at birth, capacity of abomasum is ____ other compartments

A

two times larger than

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56
Q

postnatal changes are induced by

A

diet

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57
Q

nursing/liquids in the first several weeks

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum have no role in digestion

gastric groove: milk passes from esophagus to abomasum; allows milk to bypass rumen, reticulum, omasum

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58
Q

at 3 months

A

abomasum half size of rumen-reticulum

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59
Q

at 4 months

A

abomasum 1/4 size of rumen-reticulum

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60
Q

as an adult

A

abomasum is 1/10 size of rumen-reticulum

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61
Q

rumen-reticulum is ____ of stomach capacity

A

90%

62
Q

hepatic diverticulum is an outgrowth of the

A

foregut; grows ventrally and cranially

63
Q

hepatic diverticulum composed of

A

endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm

64
Q

grows into _______

A

septum transversum; some connective tissue and blood vessels

65
Q

growth of hepatic diverticulum surrounds

A

vitelline venous system; hepatic portal system and heaptic sinusoids

66
Q

hepatic diverticulum ___ subdivisions

A

2

67
Q

original diverticulum becomes

A

common bile duct

68
Q

pars hepatica

A

liver

69
Q

pars hepatica composed of

A

hepatocytes

heptaic biliary ducts (lumen of primitive gut tube)

70
Q

pars hepatica within

A

ventral mesentary (lesser omentum; falciform ligamenta nd umbilical vein)

71
Q

pars cystica becomes

A

gall bladder and cystic duct

72
Q

what species lack a gallbladder

A

equine, rats

pars cystica atrophies

73
Q

pancreas is formed from

A

2 diverticula of foregut; endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm

74
Q

dorsal pancreatic diverticulum forms

A

accessory pancreatic

75
Q

dorsal pancreatic diverticulum

A

lumen continued with foregut; duodenum at minor duodenal papilla
left lobe and accessory pancreatic

76
Q

ventral pancreatic diverticulum

A

pancreatic duct and right lobe

lumen continued with foregut; duodenum at major duodenal papilla

77
Q

dorsal diverticulum becomes

A

left lobe of pancreas

78
Q

ventral diverticulum becomes

A

right lobe

79
Q

fuse at contact point

A

body

80
Q

duct systems of each diverticulum ____

A

interconnect

81
Q

species variation

A

persistence or not of terminal portion that connects duodenum

82
Q

canine pancreatic duct

A

minor, may be absent

83
Q

canine accessory pancreatic duct

A

major

84
Q

feline pancreatic duct

A

major

85
Q

feline accessory pancreatic duct

A

usually absent

86
Q

equine pancreatic duct

A

major

87
Q

equine accessory pancreatic duct

A

usually absent

88
Q

bovine pancreatic duct

A

absent

89
Q

bovine accessory pancreatic duct

A

major

90
Q

caprine pancreatic duct

A

major

91
Q

caprine accessory pancreatic duct

A

absent

92
Q

ovine pancreatic duct

A

major

93
Q

ovine accessory pancreatic duct

A

absent

94
Q

swine pancreatic duct

A

present

95
Q

swine accessory pancreatic duct

A

present

96
Q

endodermal cell derivatives: maintain connection to duct system

A

acini (secretory enzymes)

97
Q

endodermal cell derivatives: lose connection to duct system

A

islets (endocrine)

98
Q

midgut is the

A

primary intestinal loop

99
Q

_____ defines axis of primary intestinal loop

A

cranial mesenteric artery

100
Q

descending (cranial) limb

A

duodenum (part), jejunum and ileum (part)

101
Q

ascending (caudal) limb

A

ileum (part) ascending and transverse colon

102
Q

cecum is advierticulum of

A

ascending portion

103
Q

yolk stalk connects on

A

ventral curvature of apex of loop

104
Q

physiologic umbilical hernia

A

primary intestinal loop extends; outgrowht of abdominal cavity into extraembryonic coelom; surrounded by wall of umbilica cord- covered by amnion;

105
Q

majority of physiologic umbilical hernia is

A

jejunum

106
Q

normal transient herniation occurs at

A

week 4 of gestation

107
Q

midgut rotation relationship with

A

root of mesentary

108
Q

midgut rotates total of

A

270 degrees

109
Q

1st 90 degrees during

A

physiologic umbilica herniation; cranial to right

110
Q

next 180 degress during

A

retraction; developing large intestine settles in arch around perimeter of abdominal cavity (descending colon on left)

111
Q

midgut continues rotation around

A

cranial mesenteric artery

112
Q

positions transverse colon passes

A

right to left cranial to cranial mesenteric artery

113
Q

expansion of ascending colon and cecum after

A

physiologic hernia resolved

114
Q

ruminant and porcine

A

cecum enlarges

ascending colon expanded loop coils on itself = spiral colon

115
Q

centripetal =

A

oral;

116
Q

centrifugal

A

aboral

117
Q

coil initially a ____ shape

A

cone; maintained in porcine

118
Q

equine

A

cecum enlarges

ascending colon expanded loop folds= dorsal and ventral colons

119
Q

apex of loop

A

pelvic flexure

120
Q

fold point =

A

dorsal and ventral diaphragmatic flexures

121
Q

cecum is a diverticulum of

A

fetal ascending colon

122
Q

_______ maintain this relationship

A

carnivores

123
Q

ingest flow

A

ileum to ascending colon via ileocolic orifice
ascending colon to cecum to ascending colon via cecocolic orifice
ascending colon to right colic flexure to transverse colon

124
Q

species with expansion of cecum and ascending colon: initial fetal ascending colon recieves

A

ileum incorporated into the cecum

125
Q

ingesta flow

A

ileum to cecum to ascending colon

126
Q

hindgut derivatives

A

aboral (distal) transverse colon
descending colon
cloaca
allantois (evagination from cloaca; extends through umblicus and enlarges into extraembryonic coelom)

127
Q

distal end of primitive hindgut expands to become

A

cloaca

128
Q

cloaca is partitioned by

A

urorectal septum or fold

129
Q

dorsal

A

anorectal canal

130
Q

ventral

A

urogenital sinus (connected to allantois)

131
Q

anorectal canal becomes

A

rectum and part of anal canal

132
Q

urorectal septum grow

A

caudally fuses with cloacal membrane

133
Q

dorsal part of cloacal membrane

A

anal membrane

134
Q

ventral part of cloacal membrane

A

urogenital membrane

135
Q

surface covering area becomes

A

perineum

136
Q

anal canal centered at

A

anal membrane

137
Q

cranial to anal membrane

A

endoderm lined

138
Q

caudal to anal membrane

A

ectoderm lined

139
Q

membrane degenrates

A

patent anal canal

140
Q

urogenital sinus

A

keeps connection to allantois

141
Q

region of cranial urogenital sinus and initial allantois becomes

A

urinary bladder

142
Q

part of allantois from apex of urinary bladder to umbilicus

A

urachus

143
Q

part of allantois passing in umbilical cord

A

allanatoic stalk

144
Q

part of allantois expanding into extraembronic coelom is

A

allantois

145
Q

mesentary of urogenital sinus dorsal

A

lateral ligament of urinary baldder (umbilical artery)

146
Q

mesentary of urogential sinus ventral

A

median ligament of urinary bladder; (umbilica aa and urachus)

147
Q

after birth, dorsal lateral ligament of urinary bladder

A

persists

148
Q

umbilical artery becomes

A

round ligament of urinary bladders

149
Q

after birth, ventral median ligament of urinary bladder

A

persists

150
Q

umbilical artery

A

degenerates

151
Q

urachus

A

degenerates

Embryology (18 decks)

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