x exam 2 urogenital system Flashcards

1
Q

intermediate mesoderm becomes

A

dorsolateral abdomen

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2
Q

longitudinal swellings become

A

urogenital ridges
(kidneys and ureter
gonads
reproductive tubes: uterus and vagina, epididymis and ductus deferens)

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3
Q

in embryo/fetus, urinary system empties into

A

amniotic cavity via urogenital orifice

allantoic cavity via urachus and allantoic stalk

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4
Q

urogenital sinus cranial part

A

pelvic region

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5
Q

urogenital sinus caudal part

A

phallic region

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6
Q

urinary bladder is formed from teh

A

cranial portion of pelvic urogenital sinus and proximal part of allantois

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7
Q

urethra formed from

A

caudal portion of pelvic urogenital sinus and phallic urogenital sinus

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8
Q

male

A

caudal pelvic and penile urethra

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9
Q

female

A

caudal urethra and vestibule

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10
Q

gastrointestinal stenosis

A

narrwoing of GI lumen in a localized area

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11
Q

gastrointestinal stenosis is caused by

A

either hypoplasia due to insufficient blood supply or failure to re-establish full patency after transient luminal occlusion (paritally blocked)

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12
Q

gastrointestinal atresias

A

complete obliteration of GI lumen in localized areas

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13
Q

gastrointesintal atresias are named for

A

part of tract affected

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14
Q

gastrointestinal atresias caused by

A

hypoplasia due to insufficient blood supply

failure to re-establish patency after transient luminal occlusion

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15
Q

atresia ani

A

failure of anal membrane to degenerate; may occur with rectal atresia (obliteration of lumen of rectum)

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16
Q

aganglionic large intestine of horse

A

absence of ganglia of enteric nervous system

17
Q

neurons of GI tract that GVE parasympathetic postganglionic neruons innervate to control

A

persitalsis

18
Q

genetic component of

A

white foals (overo paint or pinto)

19
Q

aganglionic large intestine in horses lack

A

GI peristalsis in large intestine; colic in death in first 24 hours of birth
no meconium in large intestine

20
Q

portocaval or portosystemic shunt

A

abnormal connection hepatic protal system and caudal vena cava that allows blood to bypass liver

21
Q

portosystemic shunt caused by

A

vitelline venous system (includes patent ductus venosus)

fail to interconnect properly

22
Q

portosystemic shunt clinical signs

A

poor growth; chronically ill
neurologic signs due to high ammonia levels
may be worse after a meal

23
Q

umbilical fistula

A

yolk stalk persists and opens ventral abdominal wall at umbilicus; because yolk stalk connects to small intestine- intestinal contents leak from umbilicus

24
Q

urachal defecs include

A

patent urachus

urachal diverticulum

25
patent urachus
failure to close urachus at birth; leak urine at umbilicus, incontinent
26
urachal diverticulum
urachus closes, bt doesnt completely degenerate | predisposed to urinary tract infections
27
umbilical hernia
failure to clsoe ventral midline body wall at attachment site of umbilical cord abdominal contents herniate, subcutaneous tissue skin covers defect genetic or traumatic
28
omphalocoele
``` rare abdominal organs in umbilical cord usually small intestine covered by amnion, not skin failure to resolve physiologic umbilical hernia ```
29
gastrochisis
``` failure in body folding that leaves a gap in ventral abdominal wall can be due to vascular supply deficit no amnion, peritoneum or skin covers defect abdominal organs (usually small intestine) herniate is exteremely rare-nonexistent in domestic animals ```