x exam 2 urogenital system

Question 1

intermediate mesoderm becomes

Answer 1

dorsolateral abdomen

Question 2

longitudinal swellings become

Answer 2

urogenital ridges
(kidneys and ureter
gonads
reproductive tubes: uterus and vagina, epididymis and ductus deferens)

Question 3

in embryo/fetus, urinary system empties into

Answer 3

amniotic cavity via urogenital orifice

allantoic cavity via urachus and allantoic stalk

Question 4

urogenital sinus cranial part

Answer 4

pelvic region

Question 5

urogenital sinus caudal part

Answer 5

phallic region

Question 6

urinary bladder is formed from teh

Answer 6

cranial portion of pelvic urogenital sinus and proximal part of allantois

Question 7

urethra formed from

Answer 7

caudal portion of pelvic urogenital sinus and phallic urogenital sinus

Question 8

male

Answer 8

caudal pelvic and penile urethra

Question 9

female

Answer 9

caudal urethra and vestibule

Question 10

gastrointestinal stenosis

Answer 10

narrwoing of GI lumen in a localized area

Question 11

gastrointestinal stenosis is caused by

Answer 11

either hypoplasia due to insufficient blood supply or failure to re-establish full patency after transient luminal occlusion (paritally blocked)

Question 12

gastrointestinal atresias

Answer 12

complete obliteration of GI lumen in localized areas

Question 13

gastrointesintal atresias are named for

Answer 13

part of tract affected

Question 14

gastrointestinal atresias caused by

Answer 14

hypoplasia due to insufficient blood supply

failure to re-establish patency after transient luminal occlusion

Question 15

atresia ani

Answer 15

failure of anal membrane to degenerate; may occur with rectal atresia (obliteration of lumen of rectum)

Question 16

aganglionic large intestine of horse

Answer 16

absence of ganglia of enteric nervous system

Question 17

neurons of GI tract that GVE parasympathetic postganglionic neruons innervate to control

Answer 17

persitalsis

Question 18

genetic component of

Answer 18

white foals (overo paint or pinto)

Question 19

aganglionic large intestine in horses lack

Answer 19

GI peristalsis in large intestine; colic in death in first 24 hours of birth
no meconium in large intestine

Question 20

portocaval or portosystemic shunt

Answer 20

abnormal connection hepatic protal system and caudal vena cava that allows blood to bypass liver

Question 21

portosystemic shunt caused by

Answer 21

vitelline venous system (includes patent ductus venosus)

fail to interconnect properly

Question 22

portosystemic shunt clinical signs

Answer 22

poor growth; chronically ill
neurologic signs due to high ammonia levels
may be worse after a meal

Question 23

umbilical fistula

Answer 23

yolk stalk persists and opens ventral abdominal wall at umbilicus; because yolk stalk connects to small intestine- intestinal contents leak from umbilicus

Question 24

urachal defecs include

Answer 24

patent urachus

urachal diverticulum

Question 25

patent urachus

Answer 25

failure to close urachus at birth; leak urine at umbilicus, incontinent

Question 26

urachal diverticulum

Answer 26

urachus closes, bt doesnt completely degenerate

predisposed to urinary tract infections

Question 27

umbilical hernia

Answer 27

failure to clsoe ventral midline body wall at attachment site of umbilical cord
abdominal contents herniate, subcutaneous tissue
skin covers defect
genetic or traumatic

Question 28

omphalocoele

Answer 28

rare
abdominal organs in umbilical cord
usually small intestine
covered by amnion, not skin
failure to resolve physiologic umbilical hernia

Question 29

gastrochisis

Answer 29

failure in body folding that leaves a gap in ventral abdominal wall
can be due to vascular supply deficit
no amnion, peritoneum or skin covers defect
abdominal organs (usually small intestine) herniate
is exteremely rare-nonexistent in domestic animals