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x exam 2 urinary system development II Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system intermediate mesoderm

A

kidneys and ureters

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2
Q

urinary system primitive hindgut

A

urinary bladder and urethra

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3
Q

what are the 3 series of kidneys

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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4
Q

what become the definite kidney

A

metanephros

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5
Q

nephric tubules, each more ____ than predecessor

A

complex and efficient

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6
Q

pronephros arises from

A

cranial urogenital ridge (cervical region of embryo)

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7
Q

pronephric tubules

A 
cluster of cells in a tubular arrangement;
does not connect to pronephric duct
when functional (lower vertebrates, sheep) they connect
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8
Q

pronephric duct from

A

distal end of pronephric tubules; grows caudally along dorsolateral body wall, lateral to urogenital ridge to cloaca

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9
Q

mesonephros

A

urogenital ridge

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10
Q

genital (gonadal) ridge

A

ventromedially located

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11
Q

urinary ridge

A

dorsolaterally located

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12
Q

pronephric duct induces urinary ridge to form

A

mesonephric tubules (thoracolumbar region of embryo)

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13
Q

arteries from dorsal aorta

A

tufts of capillaries= glomeruli

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14
Q

mesonephric tubule epithelium becomes

A

bowmans capsule

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15
Q

establishes functional ____

A

filtration unit (renal corpuscle)

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16
Q

when mesonephric tubules connect to the pronephric duct, the pronephric duct becomes

A

mesonephric duct

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17
Q

when does the mesonephros become the primary functional kidney of the embryo and fetus

A

2nd tirmiester of precocious speceis

3rd tirmester of non-precocious species

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18
Q

when does pronephros degenerate

A

once mesonephros established and functional

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19
Q

metanephros forms

A

2 primordia (metanephric diverticulum and metanephric mesoderm)

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20
Q

metanephric diverticulum

A

ureteric bud (outgrowth of mesonephric tubule)

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21
Q

metanephric mesoderm

A

metanephric blastema (mesoderm of urinary ridge in sacral region)

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22
Q

metanephric diverticulum grows toward

A

metanephric blastema

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23
Q

metanephric mesoderm forms

A

cap around ureteric bud

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24
Q

metanephric diverticulum dilated ends

A

renal pelvis and collecting ducts

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25
Q

metanephric mesoderm vesicles in mesoderm

A

metanephric tubules to glomeruli and tubules of nephron

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26
Q

remainng metanephric duct becomes

A

ureter

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27
Q

metanephros of domestic animals are

A

multilobular in structure

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28
Q

final shape of kidney

A

varies

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29
Q

ureteric bud _____

A

divides and subdivides

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30
Q

dilated ends

A

calyces

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31
Q

collecting ducts surrounded by metanephric blastema

A

region of glomeruli (cortex)

region of collecting ducts (medulla)

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32
Q

multilobular bovine kidneys maintains

A

calyx arrangment

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33
Q

unilobular appearing kidneys

A

fusion of adjacent cortices, adjacent melludas and calyces also fuse with some species variation

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34
Q

location of kidneys initially

A

forms in sacral/pelvic region

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35
Q

ascends to

A

cranial lumbar region

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36
Q

primary

A

differential growth of lumbar musculoskeletal structures

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37
Q

migration of developing kidney structures

A

right kidney migrates further cranial thanleft

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38
Q

mesonephros contributes to

A

reproductive system development; reaminder degenerates

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39
Q

mesonephric duct enters

A

pelvic urogenital sinus

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40
Q

metanephric duct (ureteric bud) begins as

A

diverticulum of mesonphric duct near urogenital sinus

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41
Q

expansion of urogenital sinus

A

caudal most mesonephric duct incorporated into urinary bladder
initial metanephric duct incorporated into urinary bladder

42
Q

mesonephric duct becomes ____ located

43
Q

mesonphric openings at

44
Q

mesonphric becomes

A

ductus deferens in male

45
Q

degenerates in

46
Q

metanephric duct remains mroe ___ located

47
Q

metanephric openings at

A

neck of uirnary bladder; ureter

48
Q

metanephros actively produces

49
Q

urine excreted to

A

amniotic cavity via urogenital orifice; allantoic cavity via urachus and allantoic stalk

50
Q

fetal fluids within amnionic and allantoic cavities _____ as gesetation progresses

51
Q

amnionic fluid volume generally ______ mid-gestation

A

stabilizes

52
Q

allantoic fluid volume _____ throughout

53
Q

volume and contents regulated

A

form allantoic cavity

forma amniotic cavity

54
Q

allantoic cavity formed by

A

absorption where allantois attaches to chorion (placental capillares)
late gestation additionally (amniotic cavity)

55
Q

amniotic cavity formed by

A

swallowing; absorbed GI tract; circulation (fetus); placental capillaries

56
Q

fetal fluids lubricate ____

A

birth canal

57
Q

when you rupture chorioallantois and amnion, you get

A

allantoic and amnionic fluid

58
Q

chorionattached to uterus, not passed with

59
Q

in horse, cat, dog, allantois surrrounds _____ of amnion

A

all of amnion; amnion floats freely, ruptures and passes out with fetus

60
Q

in ruminants and pigs, allantois ____ amnion

A

partly surrounds; some amnion contacts chorion;

amnion not free, ruptures, passes out with placenta

61
Q

hydrops

A

excessive fetal fluids

62
Q

hydrops primarily affects

63
Q

what is more common in hydrops

A

allantois (hydrallantois)

64
Q

hydrallantois

A

10-40x normal volume

primairily due to pathology of placenta

65
Q

hydramnion

A

up to 10x normal volume

usually obstruction/atresia of fetal foregut (esophageal or duodenum)

66
Q

hydrops may cause

A

restricted fetal growth or death/abortion

67
Q

delivery of hyrops offspring via

A

calving or c-secion

68
Q

BOLO

A

twinning, hypovolemic shock, retained placenta

69
Q

congenital fetal anasarca

A

walrus or water puppy

70
Q

anasarca

A

generalized, severe subcutaneous edema (and other body tissues)

71
Q

variety of causes of anasarca

A

affect ablity of kidneys to regulate fetal fluids

72
Q

lungs in anasarca

A

distressed/failure

73
Q

increased fluid volume within

74
Q

renal agenesis

A

absence of kidneys (unilateral or bilateral)

75
Q

renal agenesis caused by

A

failure of one or both ureteric buds

76
Q

metanephric mass is not

A

induced to form tubules

77
Q

oligohydramnios

A

reduced amnionic fluid in renal agenesis

78
Q

bilateral

A

prenatal development ok, dies postnatally

79
Q

mesonephros can get by on

A

fluid volume regulation

80
Q

placenta takes care of

A

waste exchange prenatally

81
Q

congenital urorectal fistula

A

common cloaca that perists

82
Q

congenital urorectal caused by

A

failure of urorectal septum to divide anorectal canal and urogenital sinus

83
Q

clinical concern of congenital urorectal fistula

A

fecal material in urogenital tract

84
Q

ectopic ureters

A

ureters attached in abnormal location (urethra, vagina, vestible)

85
Q

diverticulum

A

ureteric bud arises in wrong locale

86
Q

if distal to sphincters,

A

urinary incontinence

87
Q

ectopic kidneys

A

kidney in an abnormal location (unilateral or bilateral)

88
Q

metenephric kindeys fail to

A

migrate/relocate

89
Q

metenphric kidneys remain in

A

sacral region

90
Q

ectopic kidney function

A

normal, incidental finding

91
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

abnormal kidney shape (right and left metanehric masses fuse across midline)

92
Q

typically ____ pole

93
Q

often located in a more ____ postion

A

caudal (caudal mesenteric artery)

94
Q

function of horseshoe kidney

95
Q

congenital cystic kidney disease

A

polycystic kidney disease inherited

96
Q

congenital cystic kidney disease common in

A

persian cats (reported in scottish folds, himalayans)

97
Q

anormality is congential

A

fialure of tubules to connect with colelcting ducts

formation of cysts wtihin nephrons

98
Q

kidneys become progressively more ____ over time

99
Q

as cysts grow, displaces/destorys

A

normal kidney tissue

100
Q

results in

A

renal insufficiency or failure

101
Q

symptoms appear

A

3 to 10 years of age

Embryology (18 decks)

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