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x exam 2 urinary system development II Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system intermediate mesoderm

A

kidneys and ureters

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2
Q

urinary system primitive hindgut

A

urinary bladder and urethra

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3
Q

what are the 3 series of kidneys

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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4
Q

what become the definite kidney

A

metanephros

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5
Q

nephric tubules, each more ____ than predecessor

A

complex and efficient

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6
Q

pronephros arises from

A

cranial urogenital ridge (cervical region of embryo)

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7
Q

pronephric tubules

A 
cluster of cells in a tubular arrangement;
does not connect to pronephric duct
when functional (lower vertebrates, sheep) they connect
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8
Q

pronephric duct from

A

distal end of pronephric tubules; grows caudally along dorsolateral body wall, lateral to urogenital ridge to cloaca

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9
Q

mesonephros

A

urogenital ridge

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10
Q

genital (gonadal) ridge

A

ventromedially located

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11
Q

urinary ridge

A

dorsolaterally located

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12
Q

pronephric duct induces urinary ridge to form

A

mesonephric tubules (thoracolumbar region of embryo)

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13
Q

arteries from dorsal aorta

A

tufts of capillaries= glomeruli

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14
Q

mesonephric tubule epithelium becomes

A

bowmans capsule

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15
Q

establishes functional ____

A

filtration unit (renal corpuscle)

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16
Q

when mesonephric tubules connect to the pronephric duct, the pronephric duct becomes

A

mesonephric duct

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17
Q

when does the mesonephros become the primary functional kidney of the embryo and fetus

A

2nd tirmiester of precocious speceis

3rd tirmester of non-precocious species

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18
Q

when does pronephros degenerate

A

once mesonephros established and functional

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19
Q

metanephros forms

A

2 primordia (metanephric diverticulum and metanephric mesoderm)

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20
Q

metanephric diverticulum

A

ureteric bud (outgrowth of mesonephric tubule)

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21
Q

metanephric mesoderm

A

metanephric blastema (mesoderm of urinary ridge in sacral region)

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22
Q

metanephric diverticulum grows toward

A

metanephric blastema

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23
Q

metanephric mesoderm forms

A

cap around ureteric bud

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24
Q

metanephric diverticulum dilated ends

A

renal pelvis and collecting ducts

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25
metanephric mesoderm vesicles in mesoderm
metanephric tubules to glomeruli and tubules of nephron
26
remainng metanephric duct becomes
ureter
27
metanephros of domestic animals are
multilobular in structure
28
final shape of kidney
varies
29
ureteric bud _____
divides and subdivides
30
dilated ends
calyces
31
collecting ducts surrounded by metanephric blastema
region of glomeruli (cortex) | region of collecting ducts (medulla)
32
multilobular bovine kidneys maintains
calyx arrangment
33
unilobular appearing kidneys
fusion of adjacent cortices, adjacent melludas and calyces also fuse with some species variation
34
location of kidneys initially
forms in sacral/pelvic region
35
ascends to
cranial lumbar region
36
primary
differential growth of lumbar musculoskeletal structures
37
migration of developing kidney structures
right kidney migrates further cranial thanleft
38
mesonephros contributes to
reproductive system development; reaminder degenerates
39
mesonephric duct enters
pelvic urogenital sinus
40
metanephric duct (ureteric bud) begins as
diverticulum of mesonphric duct near urogenital sinus
41
expansion of urogenital sinus
caudal most mesonephric duct incorporated into urinary bladder initial metanephric duct incorporated into urinary bladder
42
mesonephric duct becomes ____ located
caudally
43
mesonphric openings at
urethra
44
mesonphric becomes
ductus deferens in male
45
degenerates in
female
46
metanephric duct remains mroe ___ located
cranially
47
metanephric openings at
neck of uirnary bladder; ureter
48
metanephros actively produces
urine
49
urine excreted to
amniotic cavity via urogenital orifice; allantoic cavity via urachus and allantoic stalk
50
fetal fluids within amnionic and allantoic cavities _____ as gesetation progresses
increase
51
amnionic fluid volume generally ______ mid-gestation
stabilizes
52
allantoic fluid volume _____ throughout
increases
53
volume and contents regulated
form allantoic cavity | forma amniotic cavity
54
allantoic cavity formed by
absorption where allantois attaches to chorion (placental capillares) late gestation additionally (amniotic cavity)
55
amniotic cavity formed by
swallowing; absorbed GI tract; circulation (fetus); placental capillaries
56
fetal fluids lubricate ____
birth canal
57
when you rupture chorioallantois and amnion, you get
allantoic and amnionic fluid
58
chorionattached to uterus, not passed with
neonate
59
in horse, cat, dog, allantois surrrounds _____ of amnion
all of amnion; amnion floats freely, ruptures and passes out with fetus
60
in ruminants and pigs, allantois ____ amnion
partly surrounds; some amnion contacts chorion; | amnion not free, ruptures, passes out with placenta
61
hydrops
excessive fetal fluids
62
hydrops primarily affects
cattle
63
what is more common in hydrops
allantois (hydrallantois)
64
hydrallantois
10-40x normal volume | primairily due to pathology of placenta
65
hydramnion
up to 10x normal volume | usually obstruction/atresia of fetal foregut (esophageal or duodenum)
66
hydrops may cause
restricted fetal growth or death/abortion
67
delivery of hyrops offspring via
calving or c-secion
68
BOLO
twinning, hypovolemic shock, retained placenta
69
congenital fetal anasarca
walrus or water puppy
70
anasarca
generalized, severe subcutaneous edema (and other body tissues)
71
variety of causes of anasarca
affect ablity of kidneys to regulate fetal fluids
72
lungs in anasarca
distressed/failure
73
increased fluid volume within
fetus
74
renal agenesis
absence of kidneys (unilateral or bilateral)
75
renal agenesis caused by
failure of one or both ureteric buds
76
metanephric mass is not
induced to form tubules
77
oligohydramnios
reduced amnionic fluid in renal agenesis
78
bilateral
prenatal development ok, dies postnatally
79
mesonephros can get by on
fluid volume regulation
80
placenta takes care of
waste exchange prenatally
81
congenital urorectal fistula
common cloaca that perists
82
congenital urorectal caused by
failure of urorectal septum to divide anorectal canal and urogenital sinus
83
clinical concern of congenital urorectal fistula
fecal material in urogenital tract
84
ectopic ureters
ureters attached in abnormal location (urethra, vagina, vestible)
85
diverticulum
ureteric bud arises in wrong locale
86
if distal to sphincters,
urinary incontinence
87
ectopic kidneys
kidney in an abnormal location (unilateral or bilateral)
88
metenephric kindeys fail to
migrate/relocate
89
metenphric kidneys remain in
sacral region
90
ectopic kidney function
normal, incidental finding
91
horseshoe kidney
abnormal kidney shape (right and left metanehric masses fuse across midline)
92
typically ____ pole
caudal
93
often located in a more ____ postion
caudal (caudal mesenteric artery)
94
function of horseshoe kidney
normal
95
congenital cystic kidney disease
polycystic kidney disease inherited
96
congenital cystic kidney disease common in
persian cats (reported in scottish folds, himalayans)
97
anormality is congential
fialure of tubules to connect with colelcting ducts | formation of cysts wtihin nephrons
98
kidneys become progressively more ____ over time
cystic
99
as cysts grow, displaces/destorys
normal kidney tissue
100
results in
renal insufficiency or failure
101
symptoms appear
3 to 10 years of age

Embryology (18 decks)

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