X - Chp 10 Practice Q's

Question 1

How would Durkheim describe Canada’s enthusiasm for the Stanley Cup playoffs, which gives us the experience of common sentiments and values?
a. increased social solidarity
b. fragmented collective unconscious
c. produced consumer psychosis
d. a valued learning experience for middle-class children

Answer 1

a. increased social solidarity

Question 2

How would Durkheim classify a wooden cross?
a. as a ritual
b. as a profane item
c. as a collective effervescence
d. as a totem

Answer 2

d. as a totem

Question 3

Which statement best describes all the major world religions?
a. They have promoted gender equality but have practised age discrimination.
b. They have placed women in subordinate positions.
c. They have been gender neutral.
d. They have promoted gender equality.

Answer 3

b. They have placed women in subordinate positions.

Question 4

For Weber, who or what led to the social changes that prompted the development of capitalism?
a. Catholic France during its renaissance
b. the merchant republics of Italy
c. Karl Marx, when he wrote The Communist Manifesto
d. John Calvin, the Protestant theologian who stressed the need for work and frugality

Answer 4

d. John Calvin, the Protestant theologian who stressed the need for work and frugality

Question 5

Which term did Durkheim use when referring to the transcendent world of the religious?
a. sacred
b. sacrilege
c. profane
d. false consciousness

Answer 5

a. sacred

Question 6

Which of these religions is believed to be the oldest?
a. Hinduism
b. Buddhism
c. Islam
d. Christianity

Answer 6

a. Hinduism

Question 7

Whitley believes that there are many gods, which are all aspects of the one true god, and she believes in reincarnation. To which religion does Whitley subscribe?
a. Islam
b. Judaism
c. Hinduism
d. Buddhism

Answer 7

c. Hinduism

Question 8

What did Durkheim call objects that represent the sacred?
a. totems
b. symbols
c. ciphers
d. animus

Answer 8

a. totems

Question 9

Which theoretical framework is adopted in the account of religion in The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism?
a. conflict theory
b. functionalism
c. postmodernism
d. symbolic interactionism

Answer 9

d. symbolic interactionism

Question 10

Shireen, a born-again Christian, attends a charismatic prayer group. The small group stands to pray, then someone starts to speak in tongues, and the whole group simultaneously starts singing in unison. Shireen feels a connection to everyone and that she is a part of something that is much bigger than herself. Which term applies to this social phenomenon?
a. collective sacredness
b. collective effervescence
c. collective delusion
d. collective projection

Answer 10

b. collective effervescence

Question 11

A religious group found two items in a basement. One was a book of “rules to live by,” which they put in their prayer room and read from at meetings. The other item was a picture of a past member, which they threw out. According to the text, how did they categorize the book?
a. antiquated
b. profane
c. sacred
d. secular

Answer 11

c. sacred

Question 12

Which term in Weber’s study of religion refers to the fact that, in the growth of any one religion, there is a transformation of divine enlightenment into a permanent feature of everyday life?
a. routinization of charisma
b. secularization of charisma
c. disenchantment of charisma
d. realization of charisma

Answer 12

a. routinization of charisma

Question 13

Hinduism in India, Judaism in Israel, and Roman Catholicism in Canada are all examples of which of the following?
a. sects
b. cults
c. an ecclesia
d. a church

Answer 13

d. a church

Question 14

What is animism?
a. a belief in ancestral ghosts or spirits
b. a belief that animals, plants, trees, and rivers have souls
c. a belief in minor supernatural beings such as elves and pixies
d. a belief that persons, once they die, are reincarnated into animals

Answer 14

b. a belief that animals, plants, trees, and rivers have souls

Question 15

Which term refers to people who interpret their scriptures literally, seek to establish a direct, personal relationship with the higher being(s) they worship, and are quite intolerant of other religious beliefs?
a. extremists
b. fractionists
c. churchgoers
d. fundamentalists

Answer 15

d. fundamentalists

Question 16

Which thesis maintains that religion governs an ever-smaller part of most people’s lives and has become largely a matter of personal choice?
a. secularization
b. revised secularization
c. fundamentalism
d. privatization

Answer 16

b. revised secularization

Question 17

Which of the following explores what motivates people to participate in religion?
a. collective conscience thesis
b. revised secularization thesis
c. conflict theory of religion
d. market model of religion

Answer 17

d. market model of religion

Question 18

What does the market model of religion suggest?
a. that religiosity is on the decline due to globalization
b. that capitalism diminishes the importance of religious practice
c. that people will look for a religious organization that fits their tastes
d. that people will seek out personal gain, even if it means that they must compromise their religiosity

Answer 18

c. that people will look for a religious organization that fits their tastes

Question 19

Which theory explains how worldly institutions like schools break off—or differentiate—from religious ones over time?
a. religious capitalism
b. the profanity thesis
c. the theory of civil religion
d. the revised secularization thesis

Answer 19

d. the revised secularization thesis

Question 20

The congregation was facing declining membership and realized that, if the trend continued, they would soon be faced with problems paying the mortgage on the building. To attract new members, they implemented a variety of programs, such as free childcare while parents were attending services, free week-long summer camps for school-aged children of the community, and a variety of youth programs throughout the year. What model did this congregation adopt to increase their membership?
a. secular model
b. capitalist model
c. family model
d. market model

Answer 20

d. market model

Question 21

In 1651, Thomas Hobbes described life as “poore, nasty, brutish, and short.” What was the average life expectancy of most people in medieval Europe at the time of Hobbes’ writing?
a. 25 years
b. 35 years
c. 45 years
d. 55 years

Answer 21

b. 35 years

Question 22

How do sociologists generally categorize religious groups?
a. as secularized or non-secularized
b. as monotheistic, polytheistic, or pantheistic
c. as churches, sects, or cults
d. as modern or primitive

Answer 22

c. as churches, sects, or cults

Question 23

What is an ecclesia?
a. a church that is supported and promoted by the state
b. a church that is organized around voluntary rather than compulsory membership
c. a sect or a cult that has few followers
d. the hierarchy of spiritual leaders found within the church

Answer 23

a. a church that is supported and promoted by the state

Question 24

According to the text, what is a religious sect?
a. It is a segment of an established religion consisting of very devout members.
b. It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.
c. It is a religious group that is more atheistic in its perspective.
d. It is a portion of the clergy, such as ministers, monks, deacons, or elders.

Answer 24

b. It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.

Question 25

In class, Shanna asserted that her religious group is categorized as a sect. When asked to describe her group, what would she assert?
a. Our group members are an assortment of political and academic leaders.
b. Our group leader encourages religious opinions from all the members.
c. Our worship is highly emotional and includes personal testimonies.
d. Our group requires that the leaders undergo many years of formal training before being allowed a position of leadership.

Answer 25

c. Our worship is highly emotional and includes personal testimonies.

Question 26

Martha is almost 85 years old and has had three heart surgeries. In terms of her connection to religion, what would sociologists predict?
a. She would experience increased connection as she gets closer to dying.
b. She would experience decreased connection as she gets closer to dying.
c. She would experience the same level of connection as she had throughout her life.
d. She would experience no connection as she becomes more cynical.

Answer 26

a. She would experience increased connection as she gets closer to dying.

Question 27

Jonathan feels a deep connection with God and attends worship services each week. He also leads Bible discussion groups after the services and oversees the prayer request phone line for fellow parishioners. In sociological terms, what do these practices indicate?
a. his level of spirituality
b. his level of spiritual awareness
c. his level of religiosity
d. his level of moral virtue

Answer 27

c. his level of religiosity

Question 28

According to the text, who of the following would be the most likely to attend religious services?
a. Maria, a 22-year-old part-time university student
b. Mary, a 29-year-old sole-support mother of two and employed full-time
c. Monica, a 69-year-old woman raised and living in Atlantic Canada
d. Marilyn, a retired schoolteacher living in British Columbia

Answer 28

c. Monica, a 69-year-old woman raised and living in Atlantic Canada

Question 29

According to data reported in the text, which group is most heavily involved in religious activities?
a. young parents and their preschool children
b. teenagers and young adults
c. preteens and seniors
d. middle-aged persons and seniors

Answer 29

c. preteens and seniors

Question 30

According to the text, which of the following is an area of religious experience that sociologists can address?
a. deciding which religions are true or false
b. measuring the observable activities of religious adherents
c. assessing how many prayers are heard and answered
d. determining if there is a supreme being

Answer 30

b. measuring the observable activities of religious adherents